变压器油对氟碳与碳氢表面活性剂体系泡沫性能影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.1888

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了预防变压器火灾事故,采用短链氟碳表面活性剂FS-50分别与非离子(烷基糖苷(APG)-0810)、两性离子(椰油两性咪唑啉(CAD)-40)及阴离子(十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS))等表面活性剂复配,制备APG-0810/FS-50、CAD-40/FS-50、SDS/FS-50等3种泡沫溶液,并系统地分析变压器油存在下,泡沫溶液基本性质、起泡性、泡沫及液膜稳定性。结果表明: 变压器油对泡沫性能影响显著。油的作用下,泡沫溶液的起泡性显著降低,APG-0810/FS-50、CAD-40/FS-50和SDS/FS-50的起泡性分别减少16.9%、18.4%、18.8%。油的作用下,泡沫析液加快,60 min析液量分别增加13.6%、74.6%和15.5%;泡沫体积衰减增加2.5%、9.8%和17.9%;液膜稳定性下降,100 s时膜厚分别下降276.5、414.7 和552.9 nm。3种泡沫溶液中,APG-0810/FS-50复配体系对变压器油的抑制能力最好,该体系稳定的泡沫对变压器油的耐油性最佳。

关键词: 变压器油, 表面活性剂, 泡沫性能, 耐油性, 泡沫稳定性

Abstract:

In order to prevent transformer fire accidents, short-chain fluorocarbons (FS-50) were combined with non-ionic (Alkyl Polyglucoside(APG)-0810), zwitterionic (Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate(CAD)-40) and anionic (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate(SDS) )three kinds of foam solutions, APG-0810/FS-50, CAD-40/FS-50 and SDS/FS-50 were prepared. The basic properties, foamability, foam and liquid film stability of the foam solution in the presence of transformer oil were systematically studied. The curves of foam drainage, volume decay, oil volume and film thickness were obtained over time. The results show that oil has a significant influence on foam properties. Under the action of transformer oil, the foaming ability of the foam solutions decreased significantly, and the foaming ability of APG-0810/FS-50, CAD-40/FS-50 and SDS/FS-50 were reduced by 16.9%, 18.4% and 18.8% respectively. The volume of drainage in 60 min increased by 13.6%, 74.6% and 15.5%, respectively. Foam volume decay increased by 2.5%, 9.8% and 17.9%; The stability of liquid film decreased, and the film thickness decreased by 276.5, 414.7 and 552.9 nm, respectively, at 100 s. Among the three foam solutions, the mixture of APG-0810/FS-50 has the best inhibition ability to transformer oil, and the stable foam of this system has the best oil resistance to transformer oil. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the development and selection of special extinguishing agent for transformer oil fire.

Key words: transformer oil, surfactant, foam properties, oil resistance, foam stability

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

张佳庆, 尚峰举, 马文智, 盛友杰, 过羿. 变压器油对氟碳与碳氢表面活性剂体系泡沫性能影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(10): 95-104.

ZHANG Jiaqing, SHANG Fengju, MA Wenzhi, SHENG Youjie, GUO Yi. Effect of transformer oil on foam properties of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactant systems[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(10): 95-104.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 38

[1]	巩亚文, 刘应春, 景明举, 等. 二氧化硅凝胶泡沫材料制备及阻燃性能研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(5):127-133. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.0114
	GONG Yawen, LIU Yingchun, JING Mingju, et al. Preparation and flame retardant properties of silica gel foam[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(5):127-133. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.0114
[2]	李孜军, 陈天丰, 李明, 等. 化学泡沫阻化剂对硫化矿石自燃阻化效果研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(10):44-49. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.10.008
	LI Zijun, CHEN Tianfeng, LI Ming, et al. Study on sulfide ore spontaneous combustion inhibition effect of chemical foam inhibitor[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(10):44-49. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.10.008
[3]	邓天刁, 刘长春, 黄林远, 等. 正压式泡沫灭火技术的研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(10):64-70. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.010
	DENG Tiandiao, LIU Changchun, HUANG Linyuan, et al. Research progress of positive pressure foam extinguishing technology[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(10):64-70. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.010
[4]	史全林, 杨红旗, 李洪彪. 成膜型胶体泡沫的制备及灭火降温特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10):121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2201
	SHI Quanlin, YANG Hongqi, LI Hongbiao. Research on preparation of film-forming colloidal foam and its fire extinguishing and cooling characteristics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10):121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.2201
[5]	SCHAEFER C E, ANDAYA C, URTIAGA A, et al. Electrochemical treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater impacted by aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs)[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 295:170-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.024 pmid: 25909497
[6]	RODRIGUEZ-FREIRE L, ABAD-FERNÁNDEZ N, SIERRA-ALVAREZ R, et al. Sonochemical degradation of perfluorinated chemicals in aqueous film-forming foams[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 317: 275-283.
[7]	姜宁. 基于短链碳氟-碳氢复配体系的耐海水型水成膜泡沫灭火剂研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2021.
	JIANG Ning. Investigation on seawater-resistant aqueous film-forming foam based on short-chain fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2021.
[8]	SHENG Youjie, YAN Canbin, LI Yang, et al. Thermal stability of gel foams co-stabilized by nano-aluminum hydroxide and surfactants[J]. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2023, 105(1):127-138.
[9]	JIANG Ning, SHENG Youjie, LI Changhai, et al. Surface activity, foam properties and aggregation behavior of mixtures of short-chain fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018, 268:249-255.
[10]	SHENG Youjie, PENG Yunchuan, YAN Canbin, et al. Influence of nanoparticles on rheological properties and foam properties of mixed solutions of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants[J]. Powder Technology, 2022, 398:DOI:10.1016/J.POWTEC.2021.117067
[11]	SHENG Youjie, ZHANG Hanling, GUO Ying, et al. Stability and rheological properties of foams co-stabilized by hydrophilic silica nanoparticles and amino acid/alkyl glycoside surfactants[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023, 382:DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122009.
[12]	HINNANT K M, ANANTH R, FARLEY J P, et al. Extinction performance summary of commercial fluorine-free firefighting foams over a 28ft2 pool fire detailed by MIL-PRF-243385[R]. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, 2020.
[13]	PETERSON H B, JABLONSKI E J, NEILL R R, et al. Full-Scale fire modeling test studies of light water and protein type foams[R]. Naval Research Naval Research Laboratory, 1967.
[14]	ANANTH R, SNOW A W, HINNANT K M, et al. Synergisms between siloxane-polyoxyethylene and alkyl polyglycoside surfactants in foam stability and pool fire extinction[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2019, 579: DOI:10.1016/J.COLSURFA.2019.123686.
[15]	YU Xiaoyang, JIANG Ning, MIAO Xuyang, et al. Comparative studies on foam stability, oil-film interaction and fire extinguishing performance for fluorine-free and fluorinated foams[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 133:201-215.
[16]	SCHRAMM L L, TURTA A T, NOVOSAD J J. Microvisual and coreflood studies of foam interactions with a light crude oil[J]. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1993, 8(3):201-206.
[17]	PRINCEN H M, GODDARD E D. The effect of mineral oil on the surface properties of binary surfactant systems[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1972, 38(2):523-534.
[18]	张佳庆, 尚峰举, 何旭, 等. 变压器油沸溢池火温度特征及传热模型试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(11): 106-113. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.11.015
	ZHANG Jiaqing, SHANG Fengju, HE Xu, et al. Study on temperature characteristics and heat transfer model of boilover in transformer oil pool fires[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(11): 106-113. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.11.015
[19]	闵永林, 苏琳, 张杰, 等. 通风条件下用多组分细水雾扑灭变压器火灾的模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2014, 24(8):43-48.
	MIN Yonglin, SU Lin, ZHANG Jie, et al. Simulation of extinguishing oil-immersed transformer fire by polycomponent water mist[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2014, 24(8):43-48.
[20]	CHEN Wei, HU Sheng, TANG Lisong, et al. Research review on transformer fire protection technology[J]. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 310(2):DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/310/2/022022.
[21]	SUN Ruibang, YANG Xing, WANG Juncai, et al. Experimental study on axial temperature profile of jet fire of oil-filled equipment in substation[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(8):DOI:10.3390/PR9081460.
[22]	WU Juan, MEI Ping, CHEN Wu, et al. Surface properties and solubility enhancement of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures based on sulfonate gemini surfactants[J]. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2019, 22(6):1331-1342. doi: 10.1002/jsde.12335
[23]	SHENG Youjie, Wu Xiujuan, LU Shouxiang et al. Experimental study on foam properties of mixed systems of silicone and hydrocarbon surfactants[J]. Journal of Surfactants & Detergents, 2016, 19:823-831.
[24]	王军超, 李国胜, 邓丽君, 等. 阳离子型表面活性剂CTAB的泡沫性能研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2018, 50(1):113-116.
	WANG Junchao, LI Guosheng, DENG Lijun, et al. Study on foaming properties of CTAB cationic surfactant[J]. Coal Engineering, 2018, 50(1):113-116.
[25]	SHENG Youjie, MA Wenzhi, YU Xiaoyang, et al. Effect of liquid fuel on foamability and foam stability of mixtures of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023, 388:DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122762.
[26]	SETT S, SAHU R P, SINHA-RAY S, et al. Superspreaders versus "cousin" non-superspreaders: disjoining pressure in gravitational film drainage[J]. Langmuir, 2014, 30(10): 2619-2631. doi: 10.1021/la404754d pmid: 24564488
[27]	王琦, 习海玲, 左言军. 泡沫性能评价方法及稳定性影响因素综述[J]. 化学工业与工程技术, 2007(2):25-30.
	WANG Qi, XI Hailing, ZUO Yanjun. Review on measurement techniques of performance and influence factors of stability for foam[J]. Energy Chemical Industry, 2007(2):25-30.
[28]	KIGER K T, DUNCAN J H. Air-entrainment mechanisms in plunging jets and breaking waves[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 44:563-596.
[29]	端祥刚, 侯吉瑞, 李实, 等. 耐油起泡剂的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 石油化工, 2013, 42(8):935-940.
	DUAN Xianggang, HOU Jirui, LI Shi, et al. Progresses and future trends in research of oil resistant foaming agent[J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2013, 42(8):935-940.
[30]	FARAJZADEH R, ANDRIANOV A, KRASTEV R, et al. Foam-oil interaction in porous media: implications for foam assisted enhanced oil recovery[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2012, 183/184:1-13.
[31]	崔乐雨, 李应成, 何秀娟, 等. 微乳液泡沫驱油技术原理、挑战和研究进展[J]. 精细化工, 2022, 39(1):56-64.
	CUI Leyu, LI Yingcheng, HE Xiujuan, et al. Mechanism, challenge and research advance in microemulsion-foam EOR[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2022, 39(1):56-64.
[32]	王增林, 王其伟. 强化泡沫驱油体系性能研究[J]. 石油大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 28(3): 49-51,55.
	WANG Zenglin, WANG Qiwei. Study on performance of enhanced foam flooding system[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science, 2024, 28(3):49-51,55.
[33]	曹玉朋, 杨伟光, 姜亚洁, 等. 分子结构对阳离子双子表面活性剂性能的影响[J]. 应用化工, 2021, 50(11):2979-2984.
	CAO Yupeng, YANG Weiguang, JIANG Yajie, et al. Effect of molecular structure on the performance of cationic gemini surfactants[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 50(11):2979-2984.
[34]	WALTERMO Å, CLAESSON P M, SIMONSSON S, et al. Foam and thin-liquid-film studies of alkyl glucoside systems[J]. Langmuir, 1996, 12(22):5271-5278.
[35]	STEIN H N. On marginal regeneration[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 1991, 34:175-190.
[36]	NIERSTRASZ V A, FRENS G. Marginal regeneration in thin vertical liquid films[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1998, 207(2):209-217. pmid: 9792764
[37]	NIKOLOV A D, WASAN D T. Dispersion stability due to structural contributions to the particle interaction as probed by thin liquid film dynamics[J]. Langmuir, 1992, 8(12):2985-2994.
[38]	BASHIR A, HADDAD A S, RAFATI R. Nanoparticle/polymer-enhanced alpha olefin sulfonate solution for foam generation in the presence of oil phase at high temperature conditions[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2019, 582:DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123875.

样品	表面张力/ (mN·m^-1)	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1)	黏度/ (mPa·s)
AF	16.24	287	1.26
AFO	22.38	280	2.56
CF	15.32	450	4.47
CFO	21.47	443	2.43
SF	20.04	1005	1.22
SFO	26.38	974	2.83