螯合剂和表面活性剂注液工艺对煤体润湿性能的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.1287

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决煤体中的混杂重金属物质阻碍抑尘溶液渗入煤体孔裂隙导致煤体润湿效果减弱的问题,试验研究螯合剂和表面活性剂的协同作用对煤体润湿性能的影响。首先,基于注水试验平台和截割产尘模拟试验平台设计6种注液方式,试验确定表面活性剂和螯合剂之间的拮抗作用;然后,通过截割试验和表面润湿性分析研究6种注液方式对煤样产尘特性及增润效果的影响;最后,利用喷雾降尘测试不同注液方式增润煤粉的被沉降效率。结果表明:先注入螯合剂后再注入表面活性剂处理的煤样,截割产尘质量浓度相对最低,仅为170.93 mg/m³,较之纯水组的截割产尘质量浓度(481.33 mg/m³)降低了64.49%;同时,先注入螯合剂后注入表面活性剂的注液方式对煤体润湿性能的提升效果相对最好,浸润沉降煤粉速度相对最快;此外,经该方式处理的煤样喷雾抑尘试验的降尘效率为91.2%。先注入螯合剂溶液分解煤裂隙中的重金属,可以提高溶液在煤体中的流动性,随后注入表面活性剂溶液会进一步提升煤的润湿性能。

关键词: 螯合剂, 表面活性剂, 注液工艺, 润湿性能, 煤层注水, 降尘

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of mixed heavy metal substances in coal hindering the infiltration of dust suppression solution into coal pores and cracks, resulting in a weakened wetting effect of coal, experiments were conducted to explore the synergistic effect of chelating agents and surfactants on coal wettability. Firstly, based on the water injection test platform and the dust cutting simulation test platform, six injection methods were designed to experimentally determine the antagonistic effect between surfactants and chelating agents. Then, the effects of six injection methods on the dust production characteristics and wetting effect of coal samples were studied through cutting tests and surface wettability analysis. Finally, spray dust suppression was conducted to test the settling efficiency of pulverized coal enhanced by different injection methods. The results show that the coal sample treated by first injecting the chelating agent followed by the surfactant exhibits the lowest dust production concentration, at only 170.93 mg/m³, which is 64.49% lower than the 481.33 mg/m³ in the pure water group. Furthermore, the sequential injection protocol employing prior a chelating agent infusion followed by a surfactant delivery exhibits the most significant improvement in coal wettability, with the fastest rate of wetting-induced sedimentation of coal dust. In addition, the coal samples treated by the above method achieve a dust suppression efficiency of 91.2% in in spray dust suppression tests. Through molecular simulation and theoretical analysis, injecting a chelating agent solution to decompose heavy metals in coal fractures can improve the fluidity of the solution in coal. Subsequently, injecting a surfactant solution further enhances the wettability of coal.

Key words: chelating agent, surfactant, liquid injection process, wettability, coal seam water injection, dust reduction

中图分类号:

林汉毅, 江丙友, 王一凡, 王浩宇, 余昌飞. 螯合剂和表面活性剂注液工艺对煤体润湿性能的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(5): 169-177.

LIN Hanyi, JIANG Bingyou, WANG Yifan, WANG Haoyu, YU Changfei. Influence of chelating agent and surfactant processing on wettability properties of coal[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(5): 169-177.

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波段区域	I	II	III	IV
H₂O	6.08	50.29	5.74	37.89
A	2.05	55.92	3.04	38.99
B	2.54	51.06	3.32	40.08
Mix	5.56	63.26	5.07	26.11
AB	1.92	68.63	2.55	26.90
BA	2.85	47.23	3.09	46.83

试验组	喷雾前质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3)	喷雾后质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3)	降尘效率/%
H₂O	475.42	245.26	48.41
A	231.36	41.58	82.03
B	303.82	82.73	72.77
Mix	268.05	71.00	73.51
AB	170.93	15.04	91.20
BA	267.40	53.12	80.78