民航安全韧性研究综述

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0661

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统梳理国内外民用航空领域内安全韧性的研究发展现状,深化安全韧性在民航领域的研究,首先查阅近年来航空运输系统相关政策文件、标准与研究文献,探究航空安全韧性的概念;然后重点探讨民航机场、空管、飞行运行等领域安全韧性的研究和应用状况;最后分析存在的问题并提出相应建议及展望。结果表明:民航安全管理已形成较为完善的体系,安全韧性覆盖了安全管理事前、事中和事后的各个阶段,但仍不能满足与现有安全管理体系完美衔接与融合的需求;当前研究更多聚焦于机场和航线网络韧性,在飞行运行层面,更多针对飞行运行实际,通过采取相应措施来提高安全韧性;对航空韧性评估的基础研究相对缺乏,对航空人员作业层面的韧性研究还远远不够;未来应围绕人员作业韧性展开相应研究,丰富韧性评估的基础研究,进一步深化研究并形成相对稳定的学科体系,关注安全韧性与安全管理体系的衔接方式,并从安全角度评估个人作业韧性。

关键词: 民航, 安全韧性, 安全管理, 航空运输, 飞行运行

Abstract:

In order to systematically review the research and development status of safety resilience in the field of civil aviation at home and abroad, and deepen the research on safety resilience in the field of civil aviation, firstly, the concept of aviation safety resilience was explored by reviewing policy documents, standards and research literature related to air transport systems in recent years. Then the research and application of safety resilience in civil aviation airport, air traffic control, flight operation and other fields were discussed. Finally, the existing problems were analyzed and corresponding suggestions and prospects are put forward. The results show that the safety management of civil aviation has formed a relatively perfect system, and the safety resilience covers all stages of safety management before, during and after, but it still cannot meet the needs of perfect connection and integration with the existing safety management system. Current studies focus more on the resilience of airports and route networks. In terms flight operation, more measures are taken to improve safety resilience based on the actual flight operation. The basic research on aviation resilience assessment is relatively lacking, and the research on aviation personnel resilience at operational level is far from enough. In the future, relevant research should be carried out around the individual operation resilience, enrich the basic research of resilience assessment, further deepen the research and form a relatively stable discipline system, pay attention to the connection between safety resilience and safety management system, and assess individual operation resilience from the perspective of safety.

Key words: civil aviation, safety resilience, safety management, air transport, flight operations

中图分类号:

X949

袁乐平, 郑颖, 谷泽坤, 高煜宇. 民航安全韧性研究综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(2): 1-9.

YUAN Leping, ZHENG Ying, GU Zekun, GAO Yuyu. A review of research for civil aviation safety resilience[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(2): 1-9.

图/表 1

表1

部分领域的安全韧性概念及内涵

领域	年份	作者	概念内涵
通用	1988	WILDAVSKY^[18]	在未预料到的危险出现后应对并学会反弹的能力
自然灾害	1999	MILETI^[19]	一个地区在缺乏外界援助的情况下,经历自然灾害而不受到损失、不伤害生产力和人民生活质量的能力
医疗卫生	2007	MILLER^[20]	指工作系统在面对中断时缓冲、适应、吸收和防止患者不良结果的能力
通用	2011	STEEN^[21]	系统在变化和干扰之前或之后调整其功能的内在能力,因此,即使在发生重大事故或持续压力存在之后,它也可以维持运行
城市管理	2016	MEEROW等^[22]	指城市系统及其社会生态和社会技术网络在面对干扰时保持和快速恢复所需功能的能力,以适应当前或未来时空变化的快速转化能力
航空公司	2022	方琛亮^[23]	航空公司在运行过程中能预防、抵抗、承受、适应各种干扰或冲击,始终维持企业运行安全稳定,以正常水平提供运输服务并持续调整改进的能力
通用	2022	罗通元^[24]	广义安全韧性是以安全科学和韧性理论为基础,以维持对象的安全状态为目的,反映系统中的一切对象抵御安全状态变化的能力;狭义的安全韧性指系统发生事故前的管理、监测、预测、预警的能力,事故发生中的响应、决策和协调能力,事故发生后的恢复、处置和反馈能力
消防安全	2023	刘敬严等^[25]	消防安全韧性是受到火灾风险冲击时,系统本身脆弱性显现,受到威胁,但系统性能能够抵抗火灾风险影响并保持自身正常运转,遭受破坏后能及时恢复正常运营,并能吸取经验教训,不断学习调整,以期更好地适应火灾风险扰动,提高整体安全性的能力
高速公路服务区运营	2024	陈均栋等^[26]	指服务区在运营中能够感知、预测、应对不利事件,并在不利事件后恢复和优化服务品质的能力,是一种过程表现能力
数字政府	2024	王秉等^[8]	在一定时空内面对安全风险时,能够感知、吸收安全风险并适应和优化数字政府安全状态的能力。若数字政府在受到预期或意外的安全风险冲击时依然能够安全运行,则称该数字政府是具有安全韧性的

表1

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