考虑路况与需求紧迫度的震后应急物资配送路径规划

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.04.1651

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 235-243.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.04.1651

考虑路况与需求紧迫度的震后应急物资配送路径规划

孙启轩¹(), 刘阳¹^,²^,^**(), 贾顺¹, 陆继锋², 田军³

¹ 山东科技大学工业工程系, 山东青岛 266590
² 山东科技大学公共安全与应急管理研究院, 山东青岛 266590
³ 西安交通大学管理学院, 陕西西安 710049

收稿日期:2025-12-15 修回日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-04-28
通信作者:
**刘阳(1991—),男,山东沂水人,博士,副教授,主要从事应急管理、应急系统建模与优化、救灾物资逆向物流等方面的研究。E-mail:fanxipingly@163.com。
作者简介:
孙启轩 (2001—),男,山东兰陵人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为应急物流管理、系统建模与优化。E-mail:supersqx@163.com。
贾顺, 教授
陆继锋, 教授
田军, 教授
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(24YJC630144); 教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJC840021); 山东省自然科学基金资助(ZR2023QG073); 泰山学者工程专项经费资助(tsqnz20231221); 泰山学者工程专项经费资助(tsqn202306202)

Post-earthquake emergency supplies distribution route planning considering road conditions and demand urgency

Sun Qixuan¹(), Liu Yang¹^,²^,^**(), Jia Shun¹, Lu Jifeng², Tian Jun³

¹ Department of Industrial Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China
² Institute of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China
³ School of Management, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710049, China

Received:2025-12-15 Revised:2026-02-27 Published:2026-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升震后应急物资配送效率,在运力受限且需同时配送多类应急物资的条件下,综合考虑灾区道路状况与受灾点需求紧迫度,研究应急物资配送路径规划问题。首先,基于道路损毁率修正配送车辆行驶速度,并结合地震灾害特点建立需求紧迫度评价方法;然后,以总配送时间和总需求紧迫度成本最小为目标,构建包含多个配送中心、受灾点、应急物资类别与配送车辆类型的震后应急物资配送路径规划模型;其次,设计一种融合非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)和变邻域搜索算法(VNS)的混合进化算法(HEA)用于模型求解;最后,以“5·12”汶川地震为背景构造算例,验证模型和算法的有效性和可行性。结果表明:HEA在解集收敛性与求解质量方面均优于对比的3种多目标算法,可在短时间内(平均115.0 s)为应急决策者提供一组多样化的权衡方案。

关键词: 应急物资, 配送路径, 道路损毁, 需求紧迫度, 混合进化算法(HEA)

Abstract:

To enhance the efficiency of emergency supplies distribution after an earthquake, an emergency vehicle routing optimization problem was investigated under limited transportation capacity and the need to simultaneously deliver multiple categories of emergency supplies, while road conditions and demand urgency were jointly considered. Firstly, vehicle travel speeds were corrected based on road damage rates, and a demand urgency evaluation method is established by incorporating key characteristics of earthquake disasters. Then, a post-earthquake emergency supplies distribution optimization model was formulated to minimize the total delivery time and the total urgency-weighted demand cost, involving multiple depots, multiple affected sites, multiple types of emergency supplies, and heterogeneous vehicle fleets. Next, a HEA integrating the fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) with variable neighborhood search (VNS), is then designed to solve the model. Finally, a case study based on the 2008 Wenchuan (5.12) earthquake was constructed, and simulation experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. The results show that HEA outperforms three benchmark multi-objective optimization algorithms in both solution-set convergence and overall solution quality, and can provide emergency decision-makers with a diverse set of trade-off solutions within a short computation time (average 115.0 s).

Key words: emergency supplies, delivery route, road damage, demand urgency, hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA)

中图分类号:

X913.1安全运筹学

孙启轩, 刘阳, 贾顺, 陆继锋, 田军. 考虑路况与需求紧迫度的震后应急物资配送路径规划[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(4): 235-243.

Sun Qixuan, Liu Yang, Jia Shun, Lu Jifeng, Tian Jun. Post-earthquake emergency supplies distribution route planning considering road conditions and demand urgency[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(4): 235-243.

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参考文献 13

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灾区道路	距离/ km	损毁率	灾区道路	距离/ km	损毁率
M₁→N₁	19	0.21	M₂→N₁	58	0.5
M₁→N₂	66	0.21	M₂→N₇	69	0.15
M₁→N₃	76	0.22	M₃→N₇	19	0.18
︙	︙	︙	︙	︙	︙
N₅→N₈	45	0.34	N₈→N₉	28	0.16
N₁→N₂	50	0.55	N₃→N₇	104	0.34
N₇→N₉	13	0.17	N₄→N₉	124	0.17

受灾点	绵虒镇	漩口镇	水磨镇	卧龙镇	高川乡	蓥华镇	广济镇	九龙镇	马祖镇	师古镇
编号	N₁	N₂	N₃	N₄	N₅	N₆	N₇	N₈	N₉	N₁₀
饮用水/件	960	750	440	170	530	920	1050	560	200	990
帐篷/顶	110	76	42	30	60	91	50	63	4	38
受灾点	洛水镇	南新镇	秀水镇	塔水镇	青城山镇	天马镇	聚源镇	龙门山镇	雁门乡	克枯乡
编号	N₁₁	N₁₂	N₁₃	N₁₄	N₁₅	N₁₆	N₁₇	N₁₈	N₁₉	N₂₀
饮用水/件	770	400	320	160	320	900	770	360	300	380
帐篷/顶	86	37	45	22	30	35	85	40	36	52

受灾点	N₁	N₂	N₃	N₄	N₅	N₆	N₇	N₈	N₉	N₁₀
饮用水/件	0.51	0.39	0.30	0.30	0.20	0.40	0.32	0.21	0.25	0.40
帐篷/顶	0.52	0.39	0.31	0.32	0.21	0.40	0.26	0.22	0.25	0.34
受灾点	N₁₁	N₁₂	N₁₃	N₁₄	N₁₅	N₁₆	N₁₇	N₁₈	N₁₉	N₂₀
饮用水/件	0.38	0.15	0.30	0.22	0.28	0.38	0.44	0.23	0.16	0.10
帐篷/顶	0.39	0.16	0.32	0.24	0.29	0.32	0.45	0.24	0.17	0.12

车辆	配送方案
L₁	M₁→N₁₉(K₁,K₂)→M₁
L₂	M₁→N₁(K₁,K₂)→M₁
L₄	M₁→N₂₀(K₁,K₂)→M₁
L₅	M₁→N₁₂(K₁,K₂)→M₁
L₆	M₁→N₄(K₁,K₂)→M₁
L₇	M₂→N₁₆(K₁,K₂)→N₂(K₂)→M₂
L₈	M₂→N₁₇(K₂)→N₁₀(K₁)→M₂
L₉	M₂→N₁₇(K₁)→N₁₈(K₁,K₂)→M₂
L₁₀	M₂→N₂(K₁)→M₂
L₁₁	M₂→N₃(K₁,K₂)→M₂
L₁₂	M₂→N₁₅(K₁,K₂)→M₂
L₁₃	M₃→N₁₁(K₁,K₂)→N₉(K₁,K₂)→M₃
L₁₄	M₃→N₇(K₂)→N₆(K₁,K₂)→M₃
L₁₅	M₃→N₈(K₂)→N₇(K₁)→N₁₀(K₂)→M₃
L₁₆	M₃→N₅(K₁,K₂)→M₃
L₁₇	M₃→N₈(K₁)→N₁₃(K₂)→N₁₄(K₂)→M₃
L₁₈	M₃→N₁₃(K₁)→N₁₄(K₁)→M₃

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考虑路况与需求紧迫度的震后应急物资配送路径规划

Post-earthquake emergency supplies distribution route planning considering road conditions and demand urgency

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