Analysis of evacuation risk of wide-body aircraft in fire scene

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.0828

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to deal with the aviation fuel leakage fires that may be caused by the uncertain impact during the forced landing of aircraft, the passenger evacuation risk in the fire scenario was analyzed. PyroSim and Pathfinder software were used to analyze the dynamic development of the cabin fire and the emergency evacuation of passengers when the Airbus A350-900 was forced to land in two states: horizontal and forward. A comprehensive simulation study was conducted to calculate the remaining evacuation time distribution of 312 seats to analyze the safety risks in the cabin of the passenger aircraft. Research shows that the smoke temperature and CO volume fraction in the cabin reach dangerous critical values first, and the overall available evacuation time of business class and super economy class is longer than that of economy class. The evacuation of business class and super economy class, which is close to the exit and has fewer people, is faster. The economy class adopts the "3-3-3" type of horizontal arrangement of people, which leads to a long evacuation time for people in the middle. The impact of the forward tilt of the passenger aircraft on the development of the cabin fire is more obvious, but the impact on the overall evacuation efficiency is not prominent.

Key words: wide-body aircraft, fire scene, evacuation risk, forced landing state, evacuation time

LYU Wei, WANG Jinghui, LI Jiawei, CHEN Wentao, FANG Zhiming. Analysis of evacuation risk of wide-body aircraft in fire scene[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(3): 141-146.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
长度/m	66.80	客舱长度/m	51.04
机身高度/m	6.09	机身宽度/m	5.96
客舱高度/m	2.2	客舱宽度/m	5.61
客机高度/m	17.05	舱门数/个	8
翼展/m	64.75	轴距/m	28.66

座位类别	公务舱	超级经济舱	经济舱
座位数/个	32	24	256
排数/排	8	3	30
座位间距/m	1.09	0.97	0.81
座椅宽度/m	0.58	0.48	0.44

参数	数值	参数	数值
密度/ (kg·m^-3)	2 700	热传导率 (W·m^-1·K^-1)	237
比热容/ (J·kg^-1·℃^-1)	880	蒸发热/ (J·kg^-1)	1.05×10⁷
熔点/℃	660.4	沸点/℃	2 467
熔解热/ (J·kg^-1)	3.98×10⁵	辐射率	0.9

乘客类别	乘客人数	占比/ %	迫降姿态为水平时客舱通道人员行走速度/(m·s^-1)			迫降姿态为前倾时客舱通道人员行走速度/(m·s^-1)
乘客类别	乘客人数	占比/ %	最小	最大	平均	最小	最大	平均
29岁及以下女性	25	8.01	0.91	1.63	1.27	0.82	1.79	1.31
29岁及以下男性	37	11.90	1.08	1.81	1.45	0.97	1.99	1.48
30~50岁女性	87	27.90	0.78	1.28	1.03	0.70	1.41	1.06
30~50岁男性	131	41.93	0.92	1.66	1.29	0.83	1.83	1.33
51岁及以上女性	13	4.17	0.58	0.97	0.78	0.52	1.07	0.79
51岁及以上男性	19	6.09	0.88	1.45	1.17	0.79	1.60	1.19