Abstract:

In order to address the safety and environmental risks associated with aqueous ammonia leakage accidents in the chemical industry, based on the rich pore structure and physicochemical properties of porous materials, AC and zeolite were selected as the basic raw materials for detergents. The powder detergents AC@AlCl₃ and Zeolite@AlCl₃ were prepared by impregnating with an AlCl₃ solution of varying mass fractions. Using aqueous ammonia as the target contaminant, systematic experiments were conducted involving both individual decontamination and combined powder-liquid decontamination, employing the aforementioned modified powdered decontaminants along with various surfactants. By evaluating indicators such as decontaminant dosage, volume fraction of volatile gas, and the morphology of decontamination products, the effectiveness of individual versus combined decontamination was compared, and the practical performance of the powder-liquid synergistic decontamination strategy was comprehensively assessed. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the decontamination capacity of the modified powders, with decontamination efficiencies for aqueous ammonia exceeding 70%. Among the samples, AC@20%AlCl₃, combined with a 3% NaHCO₃ powder solution, forms a more complete gel-like solid during the decontamination process, and the decontamination efficiency reaches 80%. This approach successfully realizes the goals of high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and safety in aqueous ammonia decontamination.

Key words: aqueous ammonia leakage, powder-liquid co-decontamination, decontamination experiment, activated carbon(AC), zeolite, porous material