Evaluation system and optimization application of self-explaining road environment oriented positive guidance

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.11.0460

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that the current traffic engineering facilities are chaotic and have negative impacts on traffic safety, based on the concept of self-explaining roads, the design concept and characteristics of the self-explaining visual guiding system were proposed. The visual guiding system and its functions in typical road environment were analyzed, the performance of alignment guidance and contour guidance of various types of facilities were compared, and these facilities were ranked according to the degree of self-explaining. The evaluation system based on the rights-of-way (spatial right-of-way, temporal right-of-way, priority right-of-way), human factors (sight distance, sight zone, visual illusion), and driving tasks (speed control, vehicle distance control, lane keeping) was constructed, and it was applied to the traffic safety evaluation and optimization design of 4 typical unfriendly road environments. The results show that, in the self-explaining guiding system, the continuously set guidance facilities can better describe road information. According to the road environment, combined with the characteristics of various types of visual guiding facilities, the reasonable combination can achieve safe and effective alignment guidance and contour guidance. The self-explaining road environment for active guidance is conductive to clarifying the road rights, optimizing the visual area, and reducing the driver's driving information load and working load.

Key words: active guidance, self-explaining, road environment, evaluation system, visual guiding facilities, alignment guidance, contour guidance

DU Zhigang, CHEN Yifei, JIAO Fangtong, ZHENG Haoran, HAN Lei. Evaluation system and optimization application of self-explaining road environment oriented positive guidance[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(11): 47-54.

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道路环境	设施特征	路权	人因	驾驶任务
人行横道	蓝底白字矩形指示标志	行人过街位置明确,方向不明确,路侧障碍物不明确	标志显著性一般,可视距离一般,对视距、视区优化作用不显著	作用较小
中央分隔带安全岛	岛头多个警示柱	岛头有一定警示性,路权较清晰,但岛头与中分带诱导性不连续、不一致	对视距有一定引导作用	方向指示标志可降低驾驶任务
隧道紧急停车带	端墙大面积立面标记	横向/竖向路权较清晰(右侧清晰,左侧不清晰)	大面积眩光干扰视区,非对称诱导易产生方向错觉	大面积眩光会干扰驾驶任务
邻水弯道	设施缺失、水面反光	纵向/横向/竖向路权不清晰	反光水面易产生视错觉	不能降低驾驶任务

标志类型	路权	人因	驾驶任务
文字型(图2a 和图2d)	道路纵向/横向线形及路权不清晰	视距、视区无优化,视认反应时间长	不能降低驾驶任务
图案型(图2b 和图2e)	纵向/横向路权较清晰	对视距视区有一定引导作用,视认反应时间缩短	适当缓解/调节驾驶任务
线形诱导(图2c 和图2f)	纵向/横向路权很清晰	优化视距,引导调控视区,线形诱导标可降低距离错觉	有利于保持车距,分解并降低驾驶任务

视线诱导设施	设置密度	主要作用
突起路标	高密度设置	警告、诱导、告知驾驶人道路轮廓或前进方向,明确路权,为标线的辅助设施,某些情况下,密集排列的突起路标也可取代标线的功能
标线	连续设置	管制引导交通和分散交通流
立面标记	高密度设置	体现线路走向及轮廓,防止发生碰撞
弹性交通柱	高密度设置	警示危险物和分隔车流,对行驶的机动车起到警示作用
线形诱导标	中等密度设置	引导、警告驾驶人根据前方道路方线形变化适当调整行驶方向
轮廓标	高密度设置	显示道路边界轮廓、指引车辆正常行驶
轮廓带	中低密度设置	提高隧道轮廓辨识度,提升空间感、方向感,辅助驾驶人判断车距
示警桩	高密度设置	警告道路前方存在危险路段,提高驾驶人警惕性
防撞桶	高密度设置	警示、隔离危险物,减小碰撞冲击

设施信息形状	设施名词	设置密度	设置高度	线形诱导功能	轮廓诱导功能	适用路段
点	突起路标	高	低	强	弱	无护栏的普通路段
短线段 (<2 m)	路缘轮廓标、护栏立柱立面标记、弹性交通柱、轮廓桩、警示柱、普通线形诱导标	较高	较低	较强	较弱	有护栏的普通路段
长线段 (≥2 m)	条形轮廓带(反光条)、警示型线形诱导标、桥墩立面标记	中等	中等	中等	中等	桥梁、隧道、急弯路段或其他危险地形
环形	环形轮廓带/隧道反光环、隧道洞门端墙立面标记	低	高	弱	强	隧道
矩形	门架立面标记、逃生通道立面标记	很低	高	弱	强	高速公路出入口、隧道逃生通道、隧道出入口

评价	分类	要求
路权	空间路权	纵向/横向/竖向等空间范围内路权清晰
	时间路权	允许通行的时间明确
	优先路权	通行的优先级清晰明确
人因	视距	前方的安全距离清晰明视
	视区	前方的动态视野广度清晰明视
	视错觉	对速度、车距、方向的感知偏差较小
驾驶任务	车速控制	车速变动、车速差控制在一定范围
	车距保持	前后车辆车距控制在一定范围
	车道保持	车辆控制在当前车道内