Formation mechanism of safety accidents in domestic drifting tourism based on GT

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.04.004

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore formation mechanism of accidents in drifting tourism, 932 cases of such accidents from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed through open coding, main axis coding and selective coding based on GT. The results show that the accident risks cover 4 core categories, namely human, equipment, environment and management risks, and 13 main categories, including tourists' poor physical fitness, staff's lack of expertise, substandard equipment, bad weather, ineffective rescue and treatment. Drifting activities are affected by interaction of multiple risks at various stages. The danger is laid in preparation stage, accidents outbreak during experience stage and continue to spread during termination stage, which leads to more losses.

Key words: grounded theory (GT), drifting tourism, safety accident, formation mechanism, risk type

FANG Xue, XIE Chaowu, HUANG Rui. Formation mechanism of safety accidents in domestic drifting tourism based on GT[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(4): 23-29.

Figures/Tables 4

Tab.1

Tab.2

Axial coding and selective coding

概念化(开放性编码)	范畴化(开放性编码)	主轴编码	选择性编码
皮肤过敏、头晕呕吐、突发疾病、劳累过度	身体不适、体力不支	身体素质差 (漂流者)	人员风险
没注意踩空、不慎滑倒、随意下船、嬉戏打闹、不遵守规定	疏忽大意、危险行为、违反规定	安全意识缺乏 (漂流者)
未备个人必需品、惊吓过度、操作不熟悉	物质准备不充分、心理准备不充分、技能准备不充分	准备不充分 (漂流者)
导游遗失物品、未讲解乘船须知、告诫不清、未筛查漂流者年龄、未检查安全设备佩戴	物品保管不善、提醒不到位、未例行安全检查	责任意识不强 (从业人员)
护漂人员操作失误、未按实况调整放漂	操作技能薄弱、应变能力不强	专业水平不高 (从业人员)
缺少防护设备、缺少通信设备、未领到护具	设备种类不全、设备数量不够	设备配置不足	设备风险
漂流设备等级不高、漂流设备误伤	设备安全系数不够、设备不符合项目要求	设备未达标
漂流设备老化、松动、失控;放水设备失控	设备维护不到位、设备失效、设备运行故障	设备故障
高温、暴雨、山洪	极端天气、气象灾害突发	气象条件不佳	环境风险
水浪过大、河道落差大、急转弯、漩涡、碰到石头、竹子扎伤、落石砸伤、生物袭击、生物惊吓	水流状态不利、障碍物干扰、危险生物潜伏	水域环境隐患	环境风险
漂流场所秩序混乱、河道护漂人员缺失、河道护漂力量不足	安全维护效力不足、安全岗位设置不足	安全管控不严	管理风险
落水未组织救援、溺水未及时搜救、救援方式落后	安全救援缺失、救援行动迟缓、救援能力不足	应急救援不力
受伤未医治、未及时处理伤势加重、治疗效果不佳	医疗服务欠缺、治疗不及时、医疗水平不高	医疗救治不力

Tab.2

Tab.3

Fig.1

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漂流活动阶段		漂流旅游安全事故风险来源							风险合计
漂流活动阶段		人员风险	设备风险		环境风险		管理风险		风险合计
漂流准备阶段	频次	277		51		27		40	395
漂流准备阶段	占比/%	23.2		4.3		2.3		3.3	33.1
漂流体验阶段	频次	186		102		219		40	547
漂流体验阶段	占比/%	15.6		8.5		18.3		3.3	45.7
漂流终止阶段	频次	22		6		65		161	254
漂流终止阶段	占比/%	1.8		0.5		5.4		13.5	21.2
风险合计	频次	485		159		311		241	1 196
风险合计	占比/%	40.6		13.3		26.0		20.1	100