Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS/GO flexible temperature sensors and research on thermal safety monitoring of lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.07.1744

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issue of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries under mechanical, thermal, and electrical abuse conditions, a highly sensitive, flexible temperature sensor capable of closely adhering to the battery surface was fabricated, using temperature as the key early-warning parameter. The sensor's performance in monitoring the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries was then evaluated. PEDOT:PSS was used as the conductive phase, and GO was introduced as a non-conductive platelet filler into the conductive network. Compared with conventional conductive fillers, this strategy is more favorable for improving sensitivity. The sensor was fabricated on a polyimide (PI) substrate using a printing technology. The morphology and thermal properties of the material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Relevant performance tests were carried out, and the sensor performance was further validated under lithium-ion battery charge-discharge rate conditions and externally heated thermal-event simulation conditions. The results showed that the fabricated sensor exhibited a negative temperature coefficient characteristic within the temperature range of 20-70 ℃, with an average temperature coefficient of -1.43%/℃ and a coefficient of determination of 0.997 for linear fitting. During 20 thermal cycles within the range of 20-50 ℃, no performance degradation was observed in the output curves. Uunder bending conditions from 0° to 90°, the fluctuation in resistance change rate was less than 0.02. Under a stepwise temperature change from 20 to 70 ℃, the fastest response time was 13 s. Under battery charge-discharge rate and external heating conditions, the sensor was able to perform temperature measurement and respond promptly to the temperature rise process. The sensor can be used for surface temperature monitoring of lithium-ion batteries and for detecting abnormal temperature rise processes.

Key words: flexible temperature sensor, lithium-ion battery, thermal safety, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), graphene oxide (GO), printing technology

CLC Number:

X946

Zheng Xiangpeng, Xie Song. Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS/GO flexible temperature sensors and research on thermal safety monitoring of lithium-ion batteries[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(7): 171-179.

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Table 1

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传感器	温度范围/℃	灵敏度/%
文中所构传感器	20~70 / 20~30	-1.43 /-3.7
P/Ag-MWCNT^[10]	25~80	-0.45
P/rGO/SWCNT^[11]	25~45	-0.63
P/CNT^[12]	30~50	-0.31
P/MWCNTs^[13]	15~80	-0.83
P/rGO^[14]	30~45	-3.36
P/GO^[15]	20~100	-1.09
P/GO^[16]	30~50	-1.69
P/CuPc^[17]	20~80	-0.19
P/ZnO^[18]	30~60	-1.06
P^[19]	25~75	-0.50
P/PANI^[20]	30~190	-0.803