Fire suppression efficacy of dry powder-foam synergistic application under UAV payload constraints

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.0880

Abstract

Abstract:

To prevent backdraft and flashover after UAV-breakable window breakage in high-rise fires, a "dry powder-foam" suppression strategy was proposed. Full-scale fire tests under UAV payload constraints were conducted by varying powder mass (1.5-4 kg) and foam flow rate (0.5-2 L/s), measuring ceiling temperature and flame height. Results show that all combinations effectively suppressed backdraft transition, exhibiting a "powder rapid suppression-foam sustained cooling" mechanism. Increasing powder mass enhanced fire suppression, with diminishing returns beyond 3 kg (only 5.6% improvement). Low foam flow (<1.5 L/s) significantly reduced cooling and increased re-ignition risk. The optimal combination (3 kg powder + 2 L/s foam) achieved the highest suppression (0.074 m/s) and cooling (3.14 ℃/s) rates.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), payload constraints, dry powder-foam combined suppression, suppression and cooling effectiveness, high-rise building fire, fire test

CLC Number:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

Li Zhihan, Zhang Guowei, Li Bin, Yu Longfei, Liu Xiangfei. Fire suppression efficacy of dry powder-foam synergistic application under UAV payload constraints[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(9): 193-201.

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试验编号	干粉质量/kg	泡沫流量/ (L/s)	最高温度降至可控阶段的时间/s	抑灭火情况
1	无	无	不可控	回燃转捩为轰燃
2	1.5	2	77	遏止回燃转捩+灭火
3	2	2	73	遏止回燃转捩+灭火
4	3	2	69	遏止回燃转捩+灭火
5	4	2	63	遏止回燃转捩+灭火
6	1.5	1.5	74	遏止回燃转捩+灭火
7	1.5	1	85	遏止回燃转捩+复燃
8	1.5	0.5	164	遏止回燃转捩+未灭火

试验序号	干粉质量/kg	初始时刻火焰高度/m	终止时刻火焰高度/m	干粉抑火因子/(m/s)	干粉火焰高度抑制率/%
2	1.5	2.04	0.91	0.056	55.4
3	2	2.03	0.82	0.061	59.6
4	3	2.07	0.60	0.074	71.0
5	4	2.15	0.62	0.077	71.2

试验序号	泡沫流量/(L/s)	初始时刻火焰高度/m	终止时刻火焰高度/m	泡沫抑火因子/(m/s)	泡沫火焰高度抑制率/%
2	2	0.87	0.08	0.013	90.8
6	1.5	0.98	0.15	0.014	84.7
7	1	0.89	0.17	0.012	80.9
8	0.5	1.03	0.36	0.011	65.0

试验序号	干粉质量/kg	初始时刻温/℃	终止时刻温度/℃	干粉降温因子/(℃/s)	干粉降温率/%
2	1.5	376.6	357.3	0.97	5.1
3	2	339.3	313.3	1.30	7.7
4	3	380.9	318.1	3.14	16.5
5	4	360.3	294.3	3.30	18.3

试验序号	泡沫流量/(L/s)	初始时刻温度/℃	终止时刻温度/℃	泡沫降温因子/(℃/s)	泡沫降温率/%
2	2	357.3	148.0	3.49	58.6
6	1.5	323.0	135.3	3.13	58.1
7	1	309.9	149.2	2.68	51.8
8	0.5	332.3	182.5	2.49	44.9