中国安全科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (8): 23-28.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.08.004

• 安全系统学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于“2-4”模型的高处坠落事故行为原因研究

孙世梅1,2 教授, 赵金坤1,2, 傅贵3 教授   

  1. 1 吉林建筑大学 市政与环境工程学院,吉林 长春 130118;
    2 吉林建筑大学 事故预防科学研究院,吉林 长春 130118;
    3 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-28 修回日期:2019-06-26 发布日期:2020-10-21
  • 作者简介:孙世梅 (1966—),女,吉林磐石人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全与事故预防等方面的研究。E-mail:sunshir@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(51774149); 吉林省财政厅与吉林省安全生产监督管理局联合(吉财产业指[2017]1000号,吉安监规划[2017]287号)项目。

Study on behavioral causes of falling accidents based on "2-4" model

SUN Shimei1,2, ZHAO Jinkun1,2, FU Gui3   

  1. 1 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun Jilin 130118, China;
    2 Institute of Accidents Prevention Scientific Research, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun Jilin 130118, China;
    3 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2019-04-28 Revised:2019-06-26 Published:2020-10-21

摘要: 为预防建筑施工高处坠落事故,采用行为安全“2-4”模型研究10起典型高处坠落事故的行为原因。首先,从个人层面研究一次性和习惯性行为原因,即不安全动作、物态和安全知识、意识;然后,从组织层面研究运行行为原因,即安全管理体系;最后,建立建筑施工高处坠落事故行为原因分析模型。结果表明:发生最多的不安全行为是未正确佩戴或使用个体防护用品,且欠缺相关安全知识;生产主管雇佣临时工、施工现场作业人员不注意周围环境存在的安全隐患等是安全意识不足的主要体现;安全管理体系欠缺主要与安全生产规章制度和安全技术交底制度相关。

关键词: 建筑施工, 高处坠落, 行为安全“2-4”模型, 行为原因, 不安全动作

Abstract: For the sake of preventing falling accidents, behavior-based accident causation "2-4" model is introduced to analyze causes of 10 typical falling accidents. Firstly, one-time behaviors and habitual behaviors at individual level were studied, namely, unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, and safety knowledge and awareness. Then, operational behaviors at organizational level, namely organizational safety management systems, were researched. Finally, a behavior cause analysis model for falling accidents in construction sites was established. The results show that the most common unsafe actions are improper use of PPE and insufficient safety knowledge. Hiring temporary workers and not paying attention to hazards of surrounding environment are the main manifestations of low safety consciousness of production supervisors and site operators. Deficiency of safety management systems is mainly related to safety production rules and regulations and safety technology disclosure systems.

Key words: construction, falling, behavior-based accident causation "2-4"model, behavioral causes, unsafe acts

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