事故致因“2-4”模型的内涵解析及第6版的研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.002

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 12-19.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.002

• 安全科学理论与安全系统科学 • 上一篇下一篇

事故致因“2-4”模型的内涵解析及第6版的研究

傅贵¹(), 陈奕燃¹, 许素睿¹^,², 陈萍¹^,³, 袁晨辉¹, 吴亚丽¹

¹中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
²中国劳动关系学院安全工程系,北京 100048
³贵州工程应用技术学院矿业工程学院,贵州毕节 551700

收稿日期:2021-10-15 修回日期:2021-12-12 出版日期:2022-01-28 发布日期:2022-07-28

作者简介:

傅贵(1961—),男,吉林九台人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事事故致因理论、行为安全、安全文化、安全管理等方面的研究。E-mail: fugui66@126.com。
傅贵教授,许素睿副教授

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(51534008); 《安全科学与工程导论》课程建设项目(J20ZD03); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021YJSAQ26)

Detailed explanations of 24Model and development of its 6^th version

FU Gui¹(), CHEN Yiran¹, XU Surui¹^,², CHEN Ping¹^,³, YUAN Chenhui¹, WU Yali¹

¹School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
²College of Safety Engineering, China University of Labor Relations, Beijing 100048, China
³College of Mining Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering and Science, Bijie Guizhou 551700, China

Received:2021-10-15 Revised:2021-12-12 Online:2022-01-28 Published:2022-07-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为使事故致因“2-4”模型(24Model)在追溯事故原因和制定事故预防对策时取得更好的应用效果,有必要对24Model的内涵进行科学解析。通过文献分析和对比研究,阐述24Model的逻辑结构、原因模块的科学内涵、主要特点。研究结果表明:24Model的主要理论基础,一是HEINRICH、BIRD等提出与改进的多米诺骨牌系列模型,二是REASON提出、SHAPPELL等具体化的瑞士奶酪系列模型和人因分类系统,三是STEWART提出的卓越安全管理模型;静态24Model的逻辑结构以因果关系建立,它属于因果顺序类事故致因模型;静态24Model中事故的直接、间接、根源、根本原因的含义可以从上述3大类事故致因模型、管理体系标准和安全文化的定义中找到根据;动态24Model靠行为演化关系建立逻辑结构,其充分表达自身的系统性、动态性、非线性,并且依靠组织行为即影响行为、个体行为即操作行为,构成一个行为演化系统。

关键词: “2-4”模型(24Model), 逻辑结构, 内涵解析, 系统性, 行为演化

Abstract:

In order to make 24Model achieve better application effect in tracing the cause of accident and formulating accident prevention countermeasures, the detailed scientific explanations of 24Model are critically important. By means of systematic literature review and comparative studies, the logical structure, causation modules and main features of 24Model were deeply examined. The research results show that: the primary theoretical foundations of 24Model are the series of Domino Theory proposed by HEINRICH and improved by BIRD etc., and the series of Swiss Cheese Model proposed by REASON and clarified by SHAPPELL & WIEGMANN, and another one is the Model of Managing for Outstanding Safety proposed by STEWART. The logical structure of the static form of 24Model is established by cause-effect relationship and falls into the sequential category of accident causation models. The specific meaning of the immediate, indirect, root, and radical accident causes in static 24Model can be found from the above three types of accident causation models, management system standards by ISO and the safety culture defined by the authors of this paper. The dynamic form of 24Model takes the process of behavioral conversion to establish its logical structure, and it fully expresses its systemic, dynamic, and non-linear features, and it forms a behavioral conversion system by linking organizational behaviors, namely influence behaviors, and individual behaviors, namely operative behaviors.

Key words: 24Model, logical structure, detailed explanation, systemic, behavior conversion

傅贵, 陈奕燃, 许素睿, 陈萍, 袁晨辉, 吴亚丽. 事故致因“2-4”模型的内涵解析及第6版的研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(1): 12-19.

FU Gui, CHEN Yiran, XU Surui, CHEN Ping, YUAN Chenhui, WU Yali. Detailed explanations of 24Model and development of its 6^th version[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1): 12-19.

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事故致因“2-4”模型的内涵解析及第6版的研究

Detailed explanations of 24Model and development of its 6th version

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参考文献 35

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Detailed explanations of 24Model and development of its 6^th version