雨天环境下的交通流影响研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.05.0400

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低雨天环境下高速公路事故发生率,提升高速公路在恶劣环境下的交通安全管理水平,首先,利用元胞自动机(CA)中的NaSch模型,构建交通仿真环境,研究雨天环境下高速公路限速策略;其次,通过分析雨天环境下的交通流影响因素,构建考虑雨天环境下驾驶人心理特性的NaSch模型,进而建立雨天环境下的道路交通流模型;最后,在4种不同降雨强度下,选取平均密度、平均车间距、累积排队长度等作为道路交通运行水平评价指标,通过模拟仿真试验研究不同降雨强度下道路交通运行水平的变化趋势,进而确定不同降雨强度下的限速策略。结果表明:降雨强度越高,道路的适应性下降速度越快,交通运行状况的恶化速度越快;随着降雨强度降低,道路对高限速的适应性显著好转,而对低限速的适应性一直处于较低的状态;在高降雨强度水平下,根据限速值可以将道路情况分为适宜限速区、低限速区,而在中、低降雨强度水平下,可以将道路情况分为高限速区、适宜限速区、低限速区。

关键词: 交通流, 降雨强度, 能见度, 最佳限速, 元胞自动机(CA)

Abstract:

In order to reduce the highway accident rate in rainy days and improve the highway traffic safety management level in harsh environment, firstly, this paper used the NaSch model (Nagel-Schreckberg) of cellular automata (CA) to build a traffic simulation environment and studied the speed limit strategy of freeway in rainy days. Secondly, by analyzing the influencing factors of traffic flow in rainy days, the NaSch model considering the drivers' psychological characteristics in rainy days was constructed, and then the road traffic flow model in rainy days was established. Finally, under four different rainfall intensities, the average density, average vehicle spacing and the cumulative queue length were selected as the evaluation indexes of road traffic running level. The changing trend of road traffic running level under different rainfall intensities was studied through simulation experiments, and then the speed limit strategy under different rainfall intensities was determined. The results show that the greater the rainfall intensity, the faster the road adaptability declines and the faster the deterioration of traffic conditions. With the decrease of rainfall intensity, the adaptability of roads to high speed limit is significantly improved, but the adaptability to low speed limit is always in a low state. At the high rainfall intensity level, the road conditions can be divided into suitable speed limit zone and low speed limit zone according to the speed limit value, while at the medium and low rainfall intensity level, the road conditions can be divided into high speed limit zone, suitable speed limit zone and low speed limit zone.

Key words: traffic flow, rainfall intensity, visibility, optimal speed limit, cellular automata (CA)

张俊, 江凡, 彭德猛, 寇子卿. 雨天环境下的交通流影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(5): 134-143.

ZHANG Jun, JIANG Fan, PENG Demeng, KOU Ziqing. Research on impact of traffic flow in rainy environments[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(5): 134-143.

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类型	R/(mm·min^-1)	q/m	a/m
小雨	0.59	400	175
中雨	0.87	285	125
大雨	1.57	170	75
暴雨	5.72	55	25

指标	R/ (mm·min^-1)	90 km/h	72 km/h	54 km/h	36 km/h	18 km/h
X₁	0.59	31	32	38	39	51
	0.87	35	39	49	48	59
	1.57	46	50	66	63	76
	5.72	87	76	101	93	122
X₂	0.59	37.06	25.76	30.73	30.26	5.94
	0.87	32.83	30.22	24.76	25.08	5.9
	1.57	26.2	24.35	19.27	20.12	5.96
	5.72	15.7	17.23	13.94	14.84	5.95
X₃	0.59	3.15	1.78	2.29	2.62	0.75
	0.87	2.88	1.59	2.17	2.27	0.7
	1.57	3.26	2.11	2.08	2.19	0.7
	5.72	8.9	3.11	2.46	3.57	0.8
X₄	0.59	70.13	59.94	44.10	28.51	16.56
	0.87	71.86	61.24	45.61	29.70	16.56
	1.57	72.50	60.84	46.55	30.42	16.56
	5.72	56.02	60.23	47.20	30.28	16.56
X₅	0.59	85.14	68.51	50.40	33.73	16.99
	0.87	86.51	68.22	50.54	33.16	16.92
	1.57	83.30	67.79	50.33	33.55	16.92
	5.72	65.84	66.82	51.05	33.01	16.96
X₆	0.59	51.77	47.52	36.54	23.08	16.13
	0.87	55.40	51.70	38.09	24.55	16.16
	1.57	56.52	48.74	40.90	26.57	16.16
	5.72	38.52	52.24	41.08	26.42	16.20
X₇	0.59	33.41	20.99	13.86	10.66	0.86
	0.87	31.10	16.52	12.46	8.60	0.76
	1.57	26.78	19.04	9.47	6.98	0.76
	5.72	27.32	14.62	9.97	6.59	0.76
X₈	0.59	5.62	3.38	2.59	1.69	0.11
	0.87	41.22	2.81	2.23	1.26	0.11
	1.57	4.68	2.88	1.62	1.15	0.11
	5.72	5.62	2.41	1.48	1.04	0.11

评价指标	R (mm·min^-1)	90 km/h	72 km/h	54 km/h	36 km/h
Y₁	0.59	-1.943	1.437	0.389	0.118
	0.87	-1.934	-0.315	1.231	1.018
	1.57	-2.092	-0.443	1.488	1.047
	5.72	-0.646	-1.627	1.664	0.610
Y₂	0.59	1.825	0.879	-0.586	-2.118
	0.87	1.829	0.883	-0.610	-2.102
	1.57	1.894	0.756	-0.521	-2.129
	5.72	0.711	1.658	-0.090	-2.279
Y₃	0.59	-1.925	-0.115	0.718	1.322
	0.87	-2.062	-0.374	0.688	1.000
	1.57	-1.811	-0.403	0.906	1.308
	5.72	-2.008	0.078	0.760	1.171
交通运行水平得分	0.59	-1.563	1.071	0.357	0.135
	0.87	-0.831	1.183	0.570	0.078
	1.57	-0.414	0.049	0.510	0.145
	5.72	-0.512	0.198	0.691	0.377