中国安全科学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 8-14.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1571

• 安全科学理论与安全系统科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于STPA-FCM模型的自主航行船舶功能系统分析

秦庭荣1(), 周歆捷1, 何荥杰2, 陈伟炯1   

  1. 1 上海海事大学 商船学院,上海 201306
    2 上海海事大学 海洋科学与工程学院,上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-19 修回日期:2023-05-20 出版日期:2023-10-08
  • 作者简介:

    秦庭荣 (1976—)男,安徽马鞍山人,博士,讲师,主要从事船舶风险评估、船舶节能技术、航运大数据等方面的研究。E-mail:

    陈伟炯 教授

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助(52272353); 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC 2801005)

Analysis of functional systems of MASS based on STPA-FCM model

QIN Tingrong1(), ZHOU Xinjie1, HE Xingjie2, CHEN Weijiong1   

  1. 1 Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    2 College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Received:2023-02-19 Revised:2023-05-20 Published:2023-10-08

摘要:

为探析自主航行船舶(MASS)功能系统之间的失效机制,提升航行安全,将系统理论过程分析(STPA)方法与模糊认知图(FCM)方法相结合,构建MASS功能系统失效特征分析模型。通过STPA方法对功能系统的控制/反馈关系建模,确定27个控制关系与43个反馈关系,分析潜在的不安全控制行为(UCA)及其产生的关键致因,在此基础上,运用FCM方法构建各功能系统之间的交互关系,并反演出最终稳态下的相对失效概率。结果表明:最为核心的功能模块为电力系统、虚拟船长系统、动力定位系统、避碰系统,其稳定值占比分别为7.66%,7.62%,7.47%,7.14%,应优先确保其可靠性、稳定性和安全性。

关键词: 系统理论过程分析(STPA), 模糊认知图(FCM), 自主航行船舶(MASS), 功能系统, 失效概率, 控制/反馈关系

Abstract:

In order to analyze the failure mechanism among the functional systems of MASS and improve its navigational safety, STPA and FCM methods were combined to establish a failure analysis model of the functional systems of MASS. The control/feedback relationships of functional systems were modeled using the STPA method. 27 control relationships and 43 feedback relationships were identified. Potential unsafe control action(UCA) and their key causes were analyzed. Then, the FCM method was used to further construct the cognitive map of interaction relationships among functional systems. Finally, the relative failure probability of each functional system would be determined when the FCM reaches its steady state. The results indicate that the core functional systems are the power system, virtual captain system, dynamic positioning system and collision avoidance system, and their stability values account for 7.66%, 7.62%, 7.47% and 7.14%, respectively. Priority should be given to ensuring its reliability, stability, and safety.

Key words: systematic theory process analysis (STPA), fuzzy cognitive map (FCM), maritime autonomous surface ships(MASS), functional system, failure probability, control/feedback relationships