社会网络视角下地质灾害应急处置合作关系

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.1081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究我国地质灾害多部门应急协作关系,从某地质灾害多发省搜集省-市-县3级地质灾害应急管理预案。以参与地质灾害应急职能部门为研究对象,基于社会网络分析方法构建省-市-县3级地质灾害应急合作网络模型。运用中心性与迭代相关收敛法(CONCOR)迭代相关矩阵计算得到主题词块矩阵结构,以此划分各级职能部门间子群的结构层次。通过密度矩阵,研究子群内部之间关系模式,分析各级应急部门在地质灾害应急合作网络中的中心性、网络凝聚力及互动关系。结果表明:应急职能部门在地质灾害应急合作中具有不同的互依性和小团体性,合作模式存在协同不均、信息资源堵塞等问题。整个结构中省-市级应急合作关系相对密切,但县级应急合作网络的整体结构和关系模式相对孤立,部分组织结构间联系程度较低。因此,应进一步加强各职能部门之间的相互协同能力,完善县级政府在应急管理中组织结构建设。

关键词: 社会网络, 地质灾害, 应急处置, 合作关系, 块模型, 密度矩阵

Abstract:

To explore the multi-departmental emergency response cooperation relationship of geological disasters in China, geological disaster emergency management plans at the provincial, municipal, and county levels were obtained from a geological disaster-prone province. Focusing on functional departments involved in geological disaster emergency response, a provincial-municipal-county level geological disaster emergency cooperation network model was proposed based on the social network analysis method. The theme block matrix was calculated by the centrality and iterative correlation convergence method (CONCOR) iterating correlation matrix to divide the structural hierarchy of sub-groups among functional departments. The density matrix was used to investigate the relationship patterns among subgroups and analyze the centrality, cohesiveness, and interaction of emergency departments at all levels in the geological disaster emergency cooperation network. The results showed that emergency departments had different interdependencies and small groups in geological disaster emergency cooperation, and the cooperation pattern had issues such as uneven coordination and blocked information resources. Generally, the relationship between provincial and municipal emergency cooperation was relatively close, but the overall structure and relationship pattern of the county-level emergency cooperation network were relatively isolated with a low level of connection between some organizational structures. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the coordination ability among various functional departments and improve the organizational structure construction of county-level government in emergency management.

Key words: social network, geological hazards, emergency disposal, emergency cooperation relationship, block model, density matrix

中图分类号:

X915.2安全社会学

白鹏飞, 谭小虎, 侯蕊芳. 社会网络视角下地质灾害应急处置合作关系[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(4): 207-216.

BAI Pengfei, TAN Xiaohu, HOU ruifang. Geohazard emergency response partnerships from a social network perspective[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(4): 207-216.

图/表 10

图1

表1

社会合作网络中心性指标

中心性	公式	说明
点度中心度	C_D(i)=k_i	k_i为与节点i直接相连的节数
中介中心度C_B(i)	$C B (i) = ∑ j ≤ k d j k (i)$	d_jk(i)为节点j和k相连且经过节点i的最短路径数
接近中心度C_C(i)	$C C (i) = 1 ∑ j = 1 N d j k (i)$	d_jk(i)为节点j和k相连且经过节点i的最短路径数

表1

表2

表3

图2

图3

表4

表5

表6

图4

参考文献 22

[1]	刘传正, 陈春利. 中国地质灾害成因分析[J]. 地质论评, 2020, 66(5):1334-1348.
	LIU Chuanzheng, CHEN Chunli. Research on the origins of geological disasters in China[J]. Geological Review, 2020, 66(5):1334-1348.
[2]	刘纪达, 宋雨薇, 安实, 等. 自然灾害应急会商协调网络特征与优化研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(7):34-40.
	LIU Jida, SONG Yuwei, AN Shi, et al. Study on characteristics and optimization of emergency consultation coordination network for natural disaster mitigation[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(7):34-40.
[3]	刘纪达, 安实, 王健, 等. 一体化应急应战协作网络结构与演进:以自然灾害和事故灾难事件为例[J]. 北京理工大学学报:社会科学版, 2020, 22(6):96-106.
	LIU Jida, AN Shi, WANG Jian, et al. Structure and evolution of integrated emergency-defense cooperation network: taking natural disasters and accidents as examples[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology:Social Sciences Edition, 2020, 22(6):96-106.
[4]	邱维理, 庄茂国, 张旭阳, 等. 美国地质灾害应急响应体系管窥与启示[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2016, 27(3):127-137.
	QIU Weili, ZHUANG Maoguo, ZHANG Xuyang, et al. An introduction to the emergency response system of geological disasters of the United States and its enlightenment[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2016, 27(3):127-137.
[5]	张小趁, 陈红旗. 突发地质灾害应急技术:过程模式[J]. 灾害学, 2015, 30(4):149-155.
	ZHANG Xiaochen, CHEN Hongqi. Geological disaster emergency technology:process Model[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2015, 30(4): 149-155.
[6]	陈迎欣, 郜旭彤, 李烨. 自然灾害应急救助的公众参与方式:基于2008—2017年应急救助案例的实证分析[J]. 系统工程, 2020, 38(3):1-9.
	CHEN Yingxin, GAO Xutong, LI Ye. Public participation mode in natural hazard emergency relief:an empirical analysis based on the emergency relief cases from 2008 to 2017[J]. Systems Engineering, 2020, 38(3):1-9.
[7]	黄纪心, 郭雪松. 基于应急任务驱动的灾害应对组织网络适应性机制:以河南郑州“7.20”特大暴雨应对为例[J]. 公共管理学报, 2022, 19(4):52-64,168-169.
	HUANG Jixin, GUO Xuesong. Research on adaptive mechanism of disaster response organization network drived by emergency task :taking the case of "7.20" extraordinary rainstorm in Zhengzhou, Henan[J]. Journal of Public Management, 2022, 19(4): 52-64,168-169.
[8]	刘继川, 桂蕾. 城市公共安全风险评估与控制对策研究:以武汉市为例[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(1):164-171. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.022
	LIU Jichuan, DU Lei. Urban public safety risk assessment and control measures:a case study on Wuhan city[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1):164-171. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.022
[9]	刘纪达, 麦强. 自然灾害应急协同:以议事协调机构设立为视角的网络分析[J]. 公共管理与政策评论, 2021, 10(3):54-64.
	LIU Jida, MAI Qiang. Natural disaster emergency collaborative response:a network Analysis from the perspective of the establishment of the deliberation and coordination agencies[J]. Public Administration and Policy Review, 2021, 10(3):54-64.
[10]	刘军. 整体网分析讲义:UCINET软件实用指南[M]. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 2009:11-13.
	LIU Jun. Lectures on whole network approach:a practical guild to UCINET[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2009:11-13.
[11]	詹姆斯·科尔曼[美]. 社会理论的基础(上、下)[M].邓方,译. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 1999:3-5.
	JAMES S C. Foundations of social theory[M]. DENG Fang,Translated. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 1999:3-5.
[12]	COMFORT L K, ZHANG Haibo. Operational networks: adaptation to extreme events in China[J]. Risk Analysis, 2020, 40: 981-1000. doi: 10.1111/risa.13442 pmid: 31943307
[13]	张海波, 童星. 中国应急管理结构变化及其理论概化[J]. 中国社会科学, 2015(3):58-84,206.
	ZHANG Haibo, TONG Xing. Changes in the structure of emergency management in China and a theoretical generalization[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2015(3):58-84,206.
[14]	BODIN O, NOHRSTEDT D. Formation and performance of collaborative disaster management network:evidence from a Swedish wildfire response[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2016, 41:183-194.
[15]	刘亮, 陈以增, 韩传峰, 等. 国家应急管理工作组合作网络的社会网络分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2015, 25(3):152-158.
	LIU Liang, CHEN Yizeng, HAN Chuanfeng. Social network analysis of collaboration network of national emergency management working groups[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2015, 25(3):152-158.
[16]	FISCHER A P, JASNY L. Capacity to adapt to environmental change: evidence from a network of organizations concerned with increasing wildfire risk[J]. Ecology and Society, 2017, 22(1):DOI:10.5751/es-08867-220123.
[17]	张桂蓉, 雷雨, 周付军. 社会网络视角下政府应急组织协同治理网络结构研究:以中央层面联合发文政策为例[J]. 暨南学报:哲学社会科学版, 2021, 43(11):90-104.
	ZHANG Guirong, LEI Yu, ZHOU Fujun. Research on collaborative governance network of government emergency organization from the perspective of social network: taking the central-level joint document policy as an example[J]. Jinan Journal:Philosophy & Social Sciences, 2021, 43(11):90-104.
[18]	康伟, 杜蕾, 曹太鑫. 组织关系视角下的城市公共安全应急协同治理网络:基于“8·12天津港事件”的全网数据分析[J]. 公共管理学报, 2018, 15(2):141-152,160.
	KANG Wei, DU Lei, CAO Taixin. Research on urban public security emergency cooperative governance network from the perspective of organizational relationship:whole-network data analysis based on the "8·12 Tianjin Port accident"[J]. Journal of Public Management, 2018, 15(2):141-152,160.
[19]	何月美, 邹永广, 莫耀柒, 等. 旅游安全事故跨组织合作处置的网络结构特征研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2018, 14(7):67-72.
	HE Yuemei, ZOU Yongguang, MO Yaoqi, et al. Research on network structure characteristics of cross-organization cooperation disposal for tourism safety accidents[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2018, 14(7):67-72.
[20]	郭庆, 邓三鸿, 孔嘉, 等. 从合作网络看我国图情领域的发展演变与扩张(1998—2018)[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2021, 44(6):90-97. doi: 10.16353/j.cnki.1000-7490.2021.06.013
	GUO Qing, DENG Sanhong, KONG Jia, et al. Viewing the development,evolution and expansion of library and information science in China from the Co-authorship networks (1998-2018)[J]. Information Studies:Theory & Application, 2021, 44(6):90-97.
[21]	WASSERMAN S, FAUST K. Social network analysis:methods and applications[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 1994:40-186.
[22]	胡倩. 应急管理组织间网络研究的新进展[J]. 公共管理与政策评论, 2020, 9(1):36-43.
	HU Qian. A review of recent research on emergency management networks[J]. Public Administration and Policy Review, 2020, 9(1):36-43.

工作组	职能部门
工作组	S省	H市	X县
综合协调组	省应急管理厅、省交通运输厅、省能源局等	市应急管理局、市国土资源局、市发展和改革委等	县应急办、县国土资源局、县财政局等
抢险救援组	省应急管理厅、省自然资源厅、省交通运输厅等	市应急管理局、市供电局、市武警支队、市教育局等	县应急办、县公安局、县武装部等
转移安置组	省财政厅、省交通运输厅、省民政厅等	市民政局、市交通运输局、市公安局等	县民政局、县住建局、县交通运输局等
医疗救治组	省卫生健康委员会、省应急管理厅、省公安厅等	市卫生健康委员会、市民政局、市红十字会等	县卫生健康委员会、县民政局等
综合保障组	省工业和信息化厅、省应急管理厅、省发展和改革委员会等	市应急管理局、市民政局、市公安局、市民政局等	县电信局、移动公司、联通公司等
预警监测组	省测绘地理信息局、省自然资源厅、省气象局等	市国土资源局、市应急管理局、市气象局等	县国土资源局、县气象局
新闻宣传组	省广电局、省应急管理厅、省卫生健康委员会等	市文化旅游局、市应急管理局、市民政局等	县文化旅游局、县卫生健康委员会、县民政局等

层级	部门/指标	点度中心度	接近中心度	中间中心度
省级	省应急管理厅	1	1	0.08
	省交通运输厅	0.96	0.97	0.05
	省财政厅	0.96	0.97	0.07
	省自然资源厅	0.96	0.97	0.05
	省水利厅	0.93	0.93	0.04
	省发展和改革委员会	0.86	0.88	0.03
	省住房和城乡建设厅	0.86	0.88	0.03
	省卫生健康委员会	0.75	0.8	0.03
	省能源局	0.68	0.76	0.01
	省气象局	0.64	0.74	0.02
市级	市应急管理局	1	1	0.1
	市供电局	0.88	0.89	0.05
	市交通运输局	0.88	0.89	0.05
	市场监督管理局	0.88	0.89	0.05
	市民政局	0.83	0.86	0.06
	市公安局	0.79	0.83	0.04
	市国土资源局	0.71	0.77	0.03
	市文化旅游局	0.71	0.77	0.03
	市武警支队	0.63	0.73	0.02
	市气象局	0.63	0.73	0.01
县级	县民政局	0.55	0.12	0.16
	县应急办	0.5	0.12	0.08
	县国土资源局	0.35	0.12	0.06
	县公安局	0.35	0.12	0.02
	县财政局	0.3	0.12	0
	县发展和改革局	0.3	0.12	0
	县市场监管局	0.3	0.12	0
	县电信局	0.3	0.07	0
	县水利局	0.3	0.07	0
	县电力局	0.3	0.07	0

模块	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	1	1	1	1	0.75	1	1
2	1	1	1	0.88	0.25	1	1
3	1	1	0.71	0.29	0	0.24	0
4	1	0.88	0.29	1	0.13	1	0.04
5	0.75	0.25	0	0.13	0	0.33	0.07
6	1	1	0.24	1	0.33	1	1
7	1	1	0	0.04	0.07	1	1

模块	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2	1	0.67	0.89	0	0.83	0	0
3	1	0.89	1	1	1	0.08	1
4	1	0	1	1	0.2	0	1
5	1	0.83	1	0.2	1	1	1
6	1	0	0.08	0	1	1	1
7	1	0	1	1	1	1	1

模块	1	2	3	4	5
1	0.33	0.67	0.67	0.33	0
2	0.67	0.73	0	0	0
3	0.67	0	1	0	0
4	0.33	0	0	1	0
5	0	0	0	0	1