浅埋煤层采空区漏风量主控因素探讨

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.08.1049

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入分析浅埋煤层采空区漏风特征,选取采空区上覆岩层裂隙平均长度、上覆岩层裂隙平均宽度、上覆岩层孔隙率、上覆岩层厚度及井上下压力差等5个因素建立浅埋煤层采空区漏风影响指标体系,联合优势关系粗糙集和响应曲面法,构建采空区漏风特征及其因子作用分析模型,并以煤矿实例开展实证分析生成采空区漏风偏好类规则,提取出偏好类特征;通过3因素3水平响应曲面法,对浅埋煤层采空区漏风量进行回归函数拟合。结果表明:上覆岩层孔隙率、上覆岩层厚度及井上下压力差等3项指标为采空区漏风量主要控制因素,单因子的F值为96.06~226.82;交互因子作用中“上覆岩层孔隙率及上覆岩层厚度交互作用”与“上覆岩层孔隙率与井上下压力差交互作用”的F值分别为62.34和24.66。与单因子相比,在多因子交互作用中,上覆岩层孔隙率和上覆岩层厚度的交互作用对采空区漏风影响显著。因此,在进行浅埋煤层采空区漏风分析研究及防范防治时,不仅要重视单个因素指标的作用,还应特别关注对漏风有重要影响的因子交互作用。

关键词: 浅埋煤层, 采空区, 漏风特征, 因子作用, 粗糙集, 响应曲面法

Abstract:

In order to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the air leakage characteristics in the goaf of shallow coal seams, five factors were selected, including the average length and width of overlying rock fractures, the porosity and thickness of overlying rock fractures, and the pressure difference above and below the well, to establish an index system for the impact of air leakage in the goaf of shallow coal seams. The dominance-based rough set and response surface method were combined to construct an analysis model for the air leakage characteristics and their factor effects in the goaf. Taking a coal mine as an example, empirical analysis was conducted to generate preference class rules for air leakage in the goaf and extract preference class features. Using the 3-factor 3-level response surface method, regression function fitting was performed on the air leakage volume in the goaf of shallow buried coal seams. The results indicate that the porosity of overlying rock layers, thickness of overlying rock layers, and pressure difference above and below the well are the core influencing factors of air leakage in goaf, with a single factor F-value of 96.06-226.82. The F values for the interaction factors of "interaction between overlying rock porosity and overlying rock thickness" and "interaction between overlying rock porosity and wellbore pressure difference" are 62.34 and 24.66, respectively. Compared with a single factor, in the interaction of multiple factors, the interaction between the porosity and thickness of overlying rock layers has a significant impact on air leakage in goaf. Therefore, when conducting analysis and prevention of air leakage in shallow coal seam goaf, it is important to pay attention to the role of individual factor indicators, as well as the interaction of factors that have a significant impact on air leakage.

Key words: shallow buried coal seam, goaf, air leakage characteristics, factor effect, rough set, response surface method

中图分类号:

X936

刘冰, 郑霞文, 罗贞焱, 唐超, 张丽敏. 浅埋煤层采空区漏风量主控因素探讨[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(8): 139-147.

LIU Bing, ZHENG Xiawen, LUO Zhenyan, TANG Chao, ZHANG Limin. Discussion on main controlling factors of air leakage in shallow coal seam goaf[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(8): 139-147.

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采空区编号	条件属性					决策属性
采空区编号	裂隙长度/m	裂隙宽度/m	上覆岩层孔隙率/%	上覆岩层厚度 /m	井上下压力差/ kPa	采空区漏风量/ (m³·s^-1)
1	3.4	0.64	30	138	3.85	0.073
2	0.4	0.37	42	141	2.49	0.036
3	6.2	0.07	61	82	4.25	3.29
4	2.9	0.55	22	103	3.29	0.37
5	0.9	0.18	51	89	4.33	1.26
6	4.4	0.51	36	128	2.91	0.079
7	7.2	0.09	43	99	4.42	1.55
8	0.2	0.43	72	117	4.39	2.29
9	4.3	0.08	57	102	2.57	0.74
10	6.9	0.73	39	122	3.81	0.092
11	5.7	0.38	48	131	3.18	0.88
12	1.9	0.05	65	87	3.54	2.74
13	0.7	0.68	43	93	3.20	0.92
14	7.3	0.19	63	109	4.72	3.02
15	3.8	0.47	47	144	3.77	0.16
16	0.7	0.09	78	91	3.12	2.81
17	5.2	0.62	35	127	2.73	0.049
18	0.5	0.32	68	91	3.83	1.92
19	5.8	0.06	28	113	2.86	0.082

至少类规则	支持数
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥大;风量大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥大;风量大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥中;风量=大	4
孔隙率≥小;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥中;风量≥中	2
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥小;风量≥中	2
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥厚;压力差≥中;风量≥中	3
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤厚;压力差≤中;风量=小	4
孔隙率≤中;厚度≤厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤较厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3

至多类规则	支持数
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥大;风量=大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥大;风量=大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥中;风量=大	4
孔隙率≤中;厚度≤较薄;压力差≤中;风量≤中	5
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤厚;压力差≤中;风量=小	4
孔隙率≤中;厚度≤厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤较厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3

水平	因子理论取值			因子模糊拟合取值
水平	A/%	B/m	C/kPa	A/%	B/m	C/kPa
-1	30	90	2.5	28.5~31.5	85.5~94.5	2.375~2.625
0	50	110	3.5	47.5~52.5	104.5~115.5	3.325~3.675
1	70	130	4.5	66.5~73.5	123.5~136.5	4.275~4.725

试验方案编号	试验因子水平			试验对应结果/(m³·s^-1)
试验方案编号	A	B	C	R₁
1	0	1	-1	0.036
2	0	0	0	0.92
3	-1	0	1	0.58
4	0	-1	-1	0.74
5	0	0	0	0.91
6	-1	0	-1	0.082
7	-1	1	0	0.082
8	0	0	0	0.93
9	1	-1	0	2.49
10	1	1	0	0.42
11	0	1	1	0.69
12	1	0	1	2.65
13	1	0	-1	0.85
14	0	-1	1	1.55
15	0	0	0	0.92
16	-1	-1	0	0.082
17	0	0	0	0.91