自我效能感对建筑施工安全管理人员安全行为的影响机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.08.0522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升建筑行业施工安全管理人员的安全行为水平,探索自我效能感对安全行为的影响机制,厘清自我效能感与安全动机、安全知识间的关系,基于社会认知理论和自我决定理论,引入安全动机和安全知识作为中介变量,提出研究假设并构建理论模型;采用自我效能感量表、安全动机量表、安全知识量表及安全行为量表开展问卷调查,获有效样本287份;运用SPSS和AMOS软件开展实证分析和假设检验。结果表明:自我效能感在安全动机和安全知识的链式中介作用下,及安全知识的独立中介作用下,均对安全行为产生间接影响;自我效能感显著正向影响安全动机和安全知识;安全动机和安全知识显著正向影响安全行为;提升安全管理人员自我效能感、增强安全动机和安全知识储备,可有效改善安全行为、优化安全管理水平。

关键词: 自我效能感, 建筑施工, 安全管理人员, 安全行为, 安全动机, 安全知识

Abstract:

To improve the safety behavior of safety management personnel in the construction industry, the influence mechanism of self-efficacy on safety behavior was explored. The relationship among self-efficacy, safety motivation, and safety knowledge were also clarified. Based on social cognition theory and self-determination theory, safety motivation and safety knowledge were introduced as mediating variables. Research hypotheses were proposed, and a theoretical model was constructed. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self Efficacy Scale, Safety Motivation Scale, Safety Knowledge Scale, and Safety Behavior Scale. A total of 287 valid responses were obtained. Empirical analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS and AMOS. The results show that self-efficacy has an indirect effect on safety behavior through the chain mediating effect of safety motivation and safety knowledge. An indirect effect is also produced through the independent mediating effect of safety knowledge. Self efficacy has significant positive effects on safety motivation and safety knowledge. Safety motivation and safety knowledge have significant positive effects on safety behavior. The safety behavior of safety management personnel can be effectively improved by enhancing their self-efficacy, safety motivation, and safety knowledge. The level of safety management can also be optimized.

Key words: self-efficacy, construction, safety management personnel, safety behavior, safety motivation, safety knowledge

中图分类号:

X948

王琳, 苏义坤, 郑志哲. 自我效能感对建筑施工安全管理人员安全行为的影响机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(8): 46-54.

Wang Lin, Su Yikun, Zheng Zhizhe. Influence mechanism of self-efficacy on safety behavior of construction safety management personnel[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(8): 46-54.

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潜变量	测量指标	指标参考依据
SE	如果足够努力,我可以解决困难的问题(SE₁); 我能找到手段和方法去得到我想要的(SE₂); 我很容易能坚持并实现我的目标(SE₃); 我有信心能有效处理意外情况(SE₄)我知道如何去处理无法预见的情况(SE₅); 如果我投入必要的努力,我可以解决大多数问题(SE₆); 面对困难时,我可以保持冷静(SE₇);遇到问题时,我能找到解决方案(SE₈); 如果我遇到麻烦,我通常可以想到一个解决方案(SE₉); 我通常可以处理我遇到的任何事情(SE₁₀)	Schwarzer等^[33]
SM	我觉得时刻保持安全很重要(SM₁); 我认为工作场所的安全是一个非常重要的问题(SM₂); 我觉得有必要努力减少工作场所的事故(SM₃); 我相信,为了提高速度,安全性可能会受到损害(SM₄); 我觉得鼓励其他人使用安全的做法很重要(SM₅); 我认为推广安全计划很重要(SM₆)	Vinodkumar等^[14]
SK	我知道如何以安全的方式完成我的工作(SK₁); 我知道如何保持和提高工作场所的健康和安全(SK₂); 我知道自身工作所涉及到的危险(SK₃); 我能够提出正确的措施应对非常规的情况(SK₄)	Neal等^[34]
SCB	我使用所有必要的安全设备来完成我的工作(SCB₁); 我使用正确的安全程序来执行我的工作(SCB₂); 我确保在执行工作时达到最高级别的安全(SCB₃)	Neal等^[26]
SPB	我在组织内推广和提升了安全计划(SPB₁); 我付出了额外的努力来提高工作场所的安全(SPB₂); 我自愿执行有助于提高工作场所安全的任务或活动(SPB₃)	Neal等^[26]

项目	类别	人数	占比/%
性别	男	161	56.1
性别	女	126	43.9
年龄/岁	<25	11	3.8
	26~30	24	8.4
	31~35	95	33.1
	36~40	74	25.8
	41~45	48	16.7
	>45	35	12.2
学历	高中及以下	66	23.0
	大学专科	69	24.0
	大学本科	100	34.9
	研究生及以上	52	18.1
工作年限/a	<1	20	7.0
	1~5	24	8.4
	5~10	51	17.8
	10~15	54	18.8
	15~20	79	27.5
	>20	59	20.5

变量	克隆巴赫系数	CR	AVE	SE	SK	SM	SPB	SCB
SE	0.938	0.938	0.604	0.777	—	—	—	—
SK	0.840	0.826	0.543	0.677	0.737	—	—	—
SM	0.866	0.866	0.518	0.352	0.238	0.720	—	—
SPB	0.807	0.800	0.571	0.474	0.624	0.404	0.756	—
SCB	0.824	0.817	0.600	0.472	0.605	0.455	0.461	0.774

指数	标准	模型1	模型2
χ²/df	<5	2.016	1.913
GFI	>0.8	0.870	0.876
AGFI	>0.8	0.844	0.851
CFI	>0.9	0.929	0.937
RMSEA	<0.08	0.060	0.056

路径	标准化路径系数	标准化回归系数	标准化误差	临界比率	统计学P值
SM ← SE	0.332	0.234	0.048	4.915	^***
SK ← SE	0.564	0.468	0.056	8.318	^***
SK ← SM	0.337	0.396	0.075	5.296	^***
SCB ← SM	0.247	0.294	0.086	3.418	^***
SPB ← SM	0.179	0.246	0.100	2.452	0.014
SCB ← SK	0.544	0.551	0.085	6.505	^***
SPB ← SK	0.587	0.686	0.100	6.880	^***