职业心理学视域下矿工不安全行为研究综述

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0782

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统把握当前采矿业行为安全管理研究成果并探析未来发展方向,运用文献综述法,在职业心理学视域下回顾矿工不安全行为影响因素、理论模型、数据驱动模式与行为干预机制。结果表明:社会心理风险、人格特性与心理状态是矿工不安全行为的主要影响因素,但亟需围绕其作用机制开展更加全面、深入的研究;外部环境、人格特性与不安全行为之间的关系研究不足是制约采矿业行为安全理论发展的瓶颈,基于建构主义及认知神经学的研究是促进理论发展的重要着力点;心理因素与不安全行为的关联具备长期性、复杂性,可推动开展纵向研究获取多时间点数据,促进定性研究与定量研究相融合;行为干预机制涉及安全监管保障和安全教育培训两类途径,需进一步发挥多主体协同干预作用。

关键词: 职业心理学, 矿工, 不安全行为, 采矿业, 理论模型, 数据驱动, 行为干预

Abstract:

In order to systematically grasp the current research results and explore the future development direction of behavior-based safety management in the mining industry, the literature analysis method was used to review the factors influencing miners' unsafe behaviors, theoretical models, data-driven models and behavioral intervention mechanisms. The results show that psychosocial risk, personality traits and psychological states are the main influencing factors of miners' unsafe behaviors, but there is an urgent need to conduct more comprehensive and in-depth research about their mechanisms. Besides, insufficient research on the relationship between the external environment, individual characteristics and unsafe behaviors is the bottleneck restricting the development of the theory in the mining industry, and research based on constructivism and cognitive neurology is an important focus point to promote the development of theories. Then, considering the long-term complexity of psychological problems, longitudinal studies should be used to obtain data across time by exploring a combination of qualitative and quantitative studies. Furthermore, the behavioral intervention mechanism contains two types of ways of safety supervision and safety training, where the role of multi-agent cooperation behavioral intervention requires deeper exploration.

Key words: occupational psychology, miners, unsafe behaviors, mining industry, theoretical models, data-driven, behavioral intervention

王露露, 尘兴邦, 袁嘉淙, 吴松, 佟瑞鹏. 职业心理学视域下矿工不安全行为研究综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1): 48-55.

WANG Lulu, CHEN Xingbang, YUAN Jiacong, WU Song, TONG Ruipeng. Review of research on miners' unsafe behaviors in perspective of occupational psychology[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 48-55.

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影响因素	基本含义	研究内容
社会心理风险	工作设计、工作组织和管理及个体所处的社会环境可能导致负面的生理、心理和社会结果的可能性^[12]	工作内容及控制程度、环境及设备、组织文化及作用、人际关系、组织角色等因素
人格特性	能引发和主动引导人的行为,并使个人面对不同种类的刺激都能作出相同反映的心理结构^[13]	性格、情绪与感知认知水平等
心理状态	个体在特定时刻的心理活动水平,反映其心理活动在一定时间内的完整状态^[14]	安全心理(心理资本)与不安全心理(麻痹心理、侥幸心理、冒险心理、省能心理、攀比心理等)

理论缘起	兴起时间	代表性理论	基本因素
行为主义	20世纪初	刺激—反应理论、经典条件作用理论、强化理论等	外部环境与行为
认知主义	20世纪50年代	刺激—有机体—反应理论、认知行为理论、行为场景理论等	外部环境、个体状态(心理状态和生理状态)与行为
建构主义	20世纪80年代	计划行为理论、社会认知理论、工作绩效理论、健康信念模型、资源保存理论、社会交换理论、角色理论、思维适应性控制理论、场动力理论、工作需求—资源理论等	外部环境、人格特性(强调个体的心理机能)与行为

研究类别	定性研究	定量研究	混合研究
研究方法	访谈法、观察法、焦点小组法、案例分析法	问卷调查法、实验法	定性研究方法与定量研究方法相结合(如访谈法与实验法的综合使用)
优缺点	灵活性较强;由于受专家表达水平等因素影响,客观性受限	量化表征程度高,直观性及客观性较强;受研究假设等因素影响,灵活性受限	灵活性及客观性较强,操作较复杂
时间维度	横断研究、纵向研究