飞行学员情景意识评价的组合权重云模型

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.0243

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升飞行学员的飞行训练能力,辨识和评价飞行学员情景意识。依据扎根理论建立飞行学员情景意识评价指标体系,采用博弈论对序关系法和结合变异系数法改进的指标相关性的权重确定法(CRITIC)分别确定主、客观赋权结果,并进行组合权重计算,提出评价飞行学员情景意识的组合权重云模型,将评价指标云数字特征值输入云发生器,获得飞行学员情景意识评级结果,并通过实例进行验证。结果表明:云模型能整体评价飞行学员情景意识,学员A情景意识综合评价为优秀等级。其中,飞行作风指标评价结果最好,能对情景意识的保持起到较大的正向作用。飞行操作指标评价结果介于最好与最差之间,专业知识指标评价结果最差,2个一级评价指标中的特情处理能力、运行环境适应力存在较大的不足,不利于情景意识的保持。

关键词: 飞行学员, 情景意识评价, 组合权重, 云模型, 飞行训练

Abstract:

In order to enhance the flight training capabilities of trainees, identify and evaluate flight trainees' situational awareness, an index system for evaluating flight trainees' situational awareness was established based on grounded theory. The combined weights were calculated using game theory to integrate subjective weights, which were determined by the G1 method, and objective weights, which were derived from the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC) method improved by the coefficient of variation method. Subsequently, a combined weighting cloud model was proposed: the digital characteristic values of the evaluation indices were input into a cloud generator to obtain situational awareness ratings, and the model was verified for the use of an example to evaluate the situation awareness of a flight trainee. The results indicate that the cloud model can comprehensively evaluate the situational awareness of flight trainees. The overall situational awareness of Trainee A was rated as excellent. Among the indicators, the flight discipline metric yielded the best evaluation result, contributing significantly to the maintenance of situational awareness. The flight operation skills metric was rated between the best and the poorest, while the professional knowledge indicator received the lowest score. Major deficiencies were identified in two primary evaluation indicators, emergency handling capability and adaptability to operational environments, which were found to adversely affect the maintenance of situational awareness.

Key words: flight trainee, situational awareness assessment, combination weighting, cloud model, flight training

中图分类号:

X949
V328.1

郝红勋, 赵泽海, 黄城, 徐佳惠. 飞行学员情景意识评价的组合权重云模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(10): 36-43.

HAO Hongxun, ZHAO Zehai, HUANG Cheng, XU Jiahui. Situational awareness evaluation of flight trainees based on combined weighting cloud model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(10): 36-43.

图/表 11

表1

表2

表3

飞行学员情景意识评价指标体系

一级指标	二级指标
专业知识 $B 1$	知识储备与理解 $B 11$
	特情处理 $B 12$
	飞行经验 $B 13$
飞行操作 $B 2$	复杂信息处理 $B 21$
	多任务管理 $B 22$
	应急决策与执行 $B 23$
	沟通协作 $B 24$
	运行环境适应力 $B 25$
	飞行操作熟练度 $B 26$
	飞行状态监控 $B 27$
飞行作风 $B 3$	规章遵守及应用 $B 31$
	心理复原力 $B 32$
	注意力管理 $B 33$
	危机意识 $B 34$
	个性特征 $B 35$

表3

表4

各指标权重结果

指标	$η k$	$σ j$	组合权重
$B 11$	0.049 0	0.101 7	0.069 3
$B 12$	0.062 2	0.076 7	0.067 7
$B 13$	0.125 0	0.036 2	0.090 9
$B 21$	0.033 6	0.048 3	0.039 4
$B 22$	0.053 7	0.077 6	0.063 2
$B 23$	0.088 6	0.062 9	0.079 0
$B 24$	0.047 8	0.048 3	0.048 0
$B 25$	0.036 2	0.045 7	0.039 8
$B 26$	0.062 2	0.054 8	0.059 3
$B 27$	0.043 5	0.064 2	0.051 0
$B 31$	0.106 4	0.069 7	0.092 2
$B 32$	0.083 3	0.073 8	0.079 6
$B 33$	0.087 1	0.068 0	0.079 7
$B 34$	0.062 2	0.069 7	0.065 1
$B 35$	0.059 1	0.102 5	0.075 5
$B 1$	0.257 3	0.318 7	0.282 5
$B 2$	0.401 3	0.284 4	0.353 4
$B 3$	0.341 4	0.396 9	0.364 1

表4

表5

评价等级区间划分与标准云云数字特征

等级	区间划分	$E x c$	$E n c$	$H e c$
优秀 $V 1$	(8.0,10.0]	10.00	1.031	0.183
较好 $V 2$	(6.0,8.0]	6.91	0.637	0.113
中等 $V 3$	(4.0,6.0]	5.00	0.394	0.070
较差 $V 4$	(2.0,4.0]	3.09	0.637	0.113
极差 $V 5$	(0,2.0]	0.00	1.031	0.183

表5

表6

二级指标云数字特征值结果

二级指标	$E x h 2$	$E n h 2$	$H e h 2$	排序结果
$B 11$	8.016 7	0.292 4	0.127 9	5
$B 12$	7.794 4	0.188 7	0.163 8	3
$B 13$	8.188 9	0.297 1	0.110 6	8
$B 21$	8.205 6	0.338 9	0.126 8	9
$B 22$	8.166 7	0.408 5	0.096 8	7
$B 23$	8.477 8	0.372 9	0.151 3	11
$B 24$	8.122 2	0.337 3	0.114 4	6
$B 25$	7.655 6	0.329 6	0.040 7	2
$B 26$	7.966 7	0.441 0	0.109 4	4
$B 27$	8.772 2	0.623 6	0.061 2	14
$B 31$	8.483 3	0.506 0	0.064 3	12
$B 32$	7.594 4	0.190 3	0.068 4	1
$B 33$	8.438 9	0.280 1	0.125 7	10
$B 34$	8.605 5	0.312 6	0.044 3	13
$B 35$	8.783 3	0.529 2	0.106 2	15

表6

表7

一级指标云数字特征值结果

一级指标	$E x h 1$	$E n h 1$	$H e h 1$
$B 1$	8.019 3	0.267 7	0.090 8
$B 2$	8.226 3	0.411 0	0.110 1
$B 3$	8.371 9	0.513 9	0.113 6

表7

图1

图2

图3

表8

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原始编码材料	基本概念	基本范畴
B-9518号飞机起飞后发动机转速下降,机组意识到发动机异常。因一边跑道施工,且发动机未完全失去动力,机组决定提前转弯试图尽早返场或寻找更合适迫降场地	处在飞机发动机失效、跑道环境复杂情况下的进近决策失误	特情决策能力
本次事故发生的直接原因为飞行教员在实施夜间目视返场过程,机组未对山区地形保持有效目视,未采取安全的越障飞行动作	对关键任务没有保持有效关注	注意力分配
︙	︙	︙

二级评价指标	基本范畴
特情处理能力	特情决策能力;特情处理及时性;特情评价正确性
复杂信息处理能力	复杂信息整合;未来状况预判
运行环境适应力	外界天气情况;特殊天气处置;非常规环境
飞行操作熟练度	操作准确程度;持续培训;非期望航空器状态
个性特征	粗心大意;过于主观
危机意识程度	安全意识薄弱;警觉意识
心理复原力	不良心态;操作压力;精神压力;自信心建立
注意力管理	注意力分配合理性;注意力集中程度
飞行知识储备与理解	专业知识积累;飞行知识覆盖广
机组沟通协作能力	有效沟通;团队协作;沟通受阻
规章遵守及应用	严格执行SOP;交叉检查;标准程序执行准确性;飞行前准备工作
飞行经验累积程度	操作经验少;飞行经验少
飞行状态监控能力	飞行状态掌握情况;机械故障;飞行状态动态调节
多任务管理能力	多任务并行操作;工作分配不当
应急决策能力	错误决策;犹豫不决