外送线路穿越矿权区域地表形变监测与安全稳定性评价

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.0152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决老旧城区用地紧张和输电线路建设问题,以修武北外送变电站下伏采空区为研究对象,在明确外送变电站下伏采空区基本地质条件及开采情况的基础上,采用短基线集(SBAS)-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)监测开展外送线路地表沉降发展特征的研究,量化分析外送线路穿越矿权区域地表沉降的演化特征,评判采空区地表沉降、地面倾斜以及地表曲率对变电站外送线路的影响程度。结果表明:研究区地表最大平均沉降速率为-53.6 mm/a,该区域所处位置与古汉山矿位置重合,沉陷与煤矿开采具有一致性;杆塔位置沉降速率处于-16.5~-0.3 mm/a,其中,11号和35号杆塔平均沉降速率明显大于其他位置,平均沉降速率分别为-15.88、-16.21 mm/a,通过形变规律历史追溯,最大累计沉降分别为-104.91、-106.97 mm。根据最不利原则,得出各区域杆塔年际形变速率的最不利点位在服役年限内的实际监测预测沉降量均小于400 mm。杆塔的最大倾斜和曲率为1.2 mm/m、0 mm/m²,均在规定的最小容许值内,外送线路穿越矿权区域地表处于安全稳定状态。

关键词: 外送线路, 穿越矿权区域, 地表形变监测, 安全稳定性, 采空区, 短基线集(SBAS)-合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)

Abstract:

In order to solve problems of land shortage and transmission line construction in the old urban area, taking the underground goaf of Xiuwu North power transmission substation as the research object, on the basis of clarifying the basic geological conditions and mining conditions of the underground goaf of the transmission substation, SBAS-InSAR monitoring was used to study the development characteristics of surface subsidence. The evolution characteristics of surface subsidence of the transmission line through the mining right area were quantitatively analyzed. The influence of goaf settlement, inclination and curvature on the transmission line of the substation was evaluated. The results show that the maximum average settlement rate of the surface of the study area is -53.6 mm/a, and the location of this area coincides with the location of Guhanshan mine, and the subsidence is consistent with coal mining, and the settlement rate of the tower position is between -16.5--0.3 mm/a. The average settlement rate of No. 11 and No. 35 towers are significantly greater than those of other positions, with the average settlement rates of -15.88 and -16.21 mm/a respectively. The historical tracing of the deformation law shows that the maximum cumulative subsidence occurs at the end of the monitoring period, which is -104.91 and -106.97 mm respectively. According to the most unfavorable principle, it is concluded that the actual monitoring and predicted settlement of the unfavorable points of the interannual deformation rate of the tower in each region during the service life is less than 400 mm, and the maximum inclination and curvature of the tower are 1.2 mm/m and the curvature is 0 mm/m², which are all within the specified minimum allowable value. The surface of the transmission line crossing the mining rights area is in a safe and stable state.

Key words: electricity transmission line, crossing mining rights area, surface deformation monitoring, safety and stability, mined-out area, small baseline subset(SBAS)-interferometry synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)

中图分类号:

X924.2安全监测技术与设备

董建军, 冯晓硕, 张莹. 外送线路穿越矿权区域地表形变监测与安全稳定性评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(2): 203-211.

DONG Jianjun, FENG Xiaoshuo, ZHANG Ying. Surface deformation monitoring and safety and stability evaluation of electricity transmission line crossing mining rights area[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(2): 203-211.

图/表 15

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

图7

表3

表4

图8

表5

表6

表7

参考文献 18

[1]	朱权洁, 尹永明, 刘金海, 等. 围岩应力回迁诱发滞后性冲击与突出现象机制研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(7):99-104. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.07.018
	ZHU Quanjie, YIN Yongming, LIU Jinhai, et al. Mechanism of hysteretic rockburst and outburst induced by surrounding rock stress returning[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(7): 99-104. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2017.07.018
[2]	LI Zhen, TIAN Zhongbin, WANG Bin, et al. Monitoring and assessment of SBAS-InSAR deformation for sustainable development of closed mining areas: a case of Nanzhuang mining area[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 22 935-22 947.
[3]	杨春宇, 尹航, 郭爽, 等. 北斗/GNSS和精密水准测量综合方法在老采空塌陷区地表形变监测中的应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2024(5):142-146. doi: 10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2024.0525
	YANG Chunyu, YIN Hang, GUO Shuang, et al. Application of comprehensive method of BeiDou/GNSS and precision leveling in old goaf collapse area surface deformation monitoring[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2024(5): 142-146. doi: 10.13474/j.cnki.11-2246.2024.0525
[4]	LIU Xiaoyu, ZHU Wu, LIAN Xugang, et al. Monitoring mining surface subsidence with multi-temporal three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle point cloud[J]. Remote Sensing, 2023, 15(2): DOI: 10.3390/RS15020374.
[5]	李振洪, 朱武, 余琛, 等. 雷达影像地表形变干涉测量的机遇、挑战与展望[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(7):1485-1519. doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20220224
	LI Zhenhong, ZHU Wu, YU Chen, et al. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar for deformation mapping: opportunities, challenges and the outlook[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(7): 1485-1519. doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20220224
[6]	ZHANG Jinmin, ZHU Wu, CHENG Yiqing, et al. Landslide detection in the Linzhi-Ya'an section along the Sichuan-Tibet railway based on InSAR and hot spot analysis methods[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(18): DOI: 10.3390/rs13183566.
[7]	朱建军, 李志伟, 胡俊. InSAR变形监测方法与研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10):1717-1733. doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170350
	ZHU Jianjun, LI Zhiwei, HU Jun. Research progress and methods of InSAR for deformation monitoring[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographa Sinica, 2017, 46(10): 1717-1733.
[8]	董建军, 梅媛, 李昕, 等. 高海拔排土场边坡安全稳定性SBAS-InSAR监测[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(1):92-101. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.013
	DONG Jianjun, MEI Yuan, LI Xin, et al. SBAS-InSAR monitoring of slope safety and stability of high altitude dumps[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1): 92-101. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.013
[9]	李路, 洪友堂. 改进的SBAS技术在矿区地表沉降监测中的应用[J]. 测绘科学, 2020, 45(10):92-101.
	LI Lu, HONG Youtang. Application of improved SABS technology in monitoring mining land subsidence[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2020, 45(10): 92-101.
[10]	王凤云, 陶秋香, 陈洋, 等. 基于InSAR的煤矿采空区地表形变监测与预警[J]. 煤矿安全, 2022, 53(6):195-203.
	WANG Fengyun, TAO Qiuxiang, CHEN Yang, et al. Monitoring and early-warning of surface deformation in mine goaf based on InSAR[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2022, 53(6): 195-203.
[11]	HUANG Zhaoquan, YU Fengling. InSAR-derived surface deformation of Chaoshan plain, China: exploring the role of human activities in the evolution of coastal landscapes[J]. Geomorphology, 2023, 426: DOI: 10.1016/j.geomor-ph.2023.108606.
[12]	HAN Yong, LIU Guangchun, LIU Jie, et al. Monitoring and analysis of land subsidence in Jiaozuo city (China) based on SBAS-InSAR technology[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(15): DOI: 10.3390/su151511737.
[13]	WANG Rong, FEN Yongjiu, TONG Xiaohua, et al. Large-scale surface deformation monitoring using SBAS-InSAR and intelligent prediction in typical cities of Yangtze river delta[J]. Remote Sensing, 2023, 15(20): DOI: 10.3390/rs15204942.
[14]	ALESSANDRO F, ANDREA M G, CLAUDIO P, et al. INSAR principles B[M]. Noordwijk Netherlands: ESA Publications, 2007: 3-55.
[15]	许文斌, 罗兴军, 朱建军, 等. InSAR火山形变监测与参数反演研究进展[J]. 武汉大学学报:信息科学版, 2023, 48(10):1632-1642.
	XU Wenbin, LUO Xingjun, ZHU Jianjun, et al. Review of volcano deformation monitoring and modeling with InSAR[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2023, 48(10): 1632-1642.
[16]	GB 50007—2011,建筑物地基基础设计规范[S].
	GB 50007-2011, Code for design of building foundation[S].
[17]	DL/T 5219—2014,架空输电线路基础设计技术规程[S].
	DL/T 5219-2014, Technical code for design of foundation of overhead transmission line[S].
[18]	国家安全监管总局. 建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[Z]. 2017-05-17.

参数名称	参数值	参数名称	参数值
极化方式	垂直极化 (Vertical transmit, Vertical receive, VV)	辅助数据	12.5 m数字高程模型
波段	C	轨道	升轨
入射角/(°)	39.14	影像数/ 景	80
数据类型	单视复数数据 (Single Look Complex,SLC)	成像模式	干涉宽幅 (Interferometric Wide swath, IW)

点位	经纬度	平均沉降速率/ (mm·a^-1)	点位	经纬度	平均沉降速率/ (mm·a^-1)	点位	经纬度	平均沉降速率/ (mm·a^-1)
1	35°22'10.9″,113°25'50″	-3.15	16	35°17'56″,113°26'8.9″	-3.36	31	35°18'19″,113°26'7″	-6.66
2	35°22'9″,113°25'50.9″	-2.02	17	35°17'12″,113°25'20.9″	-3.22	32	—	—
3	35°22'4.98″,113°25'45.9″	-2.68	18	35°16'40″,113°25'14.9″	-4.33	33	35°18'36″,113°26'6″	-0.75
4	35°21'56″,113°25'45″	-3.58	19	35°16'17″,113°23'53.9″	-4.36	34	35°19'10.9″,113°26'17″	-4.34
5	35°21'54″,113°25'37.9″	-3.10	20	35°16'6.9″,113°23'43″	-5.65	35	35°19'59″,113°25'50.9″	-16.21
6	35°21'28″,113°25'40″	-2.26	21	35°15'7.9″,113°22'48″	-6.26	36	—	—
7	35°21'17.9″,113°25'32.9″	-0.32	22	35°15'6″,113°22'41″	-6.05	37	35°21'2″,113°25'49″	-3.10
8	—	—	23	35°15'10″,113°22'41.9″	-5.75	38	35°21'17.9″,113°25'31″	-0.68
9	35°21'2″,113°25'50″	-5.35	24	35°15'9″,113°22'46.9″	-5.49	39	35°21'29″,113°25'37.9″	-2.11
10	35°21'2″,113°25'50″	—	25	35°16'8″,113°23'43″	-5.74	40	35°21'55″,113°25'36″	-3.54
11	35°19'59″,113°25'51.9″	-15.88	26	—	—	41	35°21'56.9″,113°25'44″	-4.43
12	35°19'12″,113°26'18.9″	-4.10	27	35°16'18″,113°23'53″	-5.50	42	35°22'5″,113°25'44″	-2.92
13	35°18'36″,113°26'7″	-0.95	28	35°16'41.9″,113°25'14″	-3.98	43	35°22'8″,113°25'46.9″	-3.0
14	35°18'19″,113°26'8″	-6.56	29	35°17'12″,113°25'19.9″	-6.45	44	35°21'2″,113°25'49″	-4.15
15	—	—	30	35°17'56″,113°26'8″	-3.25	—	—	—

区域	序号	沉降速率/ (mm·a^-1)	序号	沉降速率/ (mm·a^-1)	序号	沉降速率/ (mm·a^-1)
Ⅰ	1	-2.99	7	-1.06	41	-1.60
	2	-3.87	9	-0.99	42	-3.76
	3	-1.72	37	-0.77	43	-0.77
	4	-0.51	38	-1.83	44	-1.75
	5	-4.55	39	-1.64	—	—
	6	-1.49	40	-3.69	34	-0.84
Ⅱ	11	-1.6	16	-1.05	35	-2.8
	12	-0.80	30	-0.65	—	—
	13	-0.55	31	-2.26	—	—
	14	-2.85	33	-0.95	—	—
Ⅲ	17	-2.34	21	-1.86	25	-0.72
	18	-3.65	22	-1.49	27	-1.02
	19	-1.39	23	-1.64	28	-1.93
	20	-0.66	24	-1.13	29	-2.66

建筑物高度/m	高耸结构基础沉降/mm
≤100	400
(100,200]	300
(200,250]	200

区域	序号	沉降量	序号	沉降量	序号	沉降量
Ⅰ	1	-149.5	7	-53	41	-79.75
	2	-193.5	9	-49.5	42	-188
	3	-86	37	-38.5	43	-38.5
	4	-25.5	38	-91.5	44	-87.5
	5	-227.5	39	-82
	6	-74.5	40	-184.5
Ⅱ	11	-80	16	-52.5	34	-42
	12	-40	30	-32.5	35	-140
	13	-27.5	31	-113	—	—
	14	-142.5	33	-47.5	—	—
Ⅲ	17	-117	21	-93	25	-36
	18	-182.5	22	-74.5	27	-51
	19	-69.5	23	-82	28	-96.5
	20	-33	24	-56.5	29	-133