剧烈干湿交替下高海拔排土场安全稳定性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示剧烈干湿交替对高海拔排土场安全稳定性的影响,针对高海拔矿区水泥用石灰岩矿露采1、2号排土场,基于非饱和-饱和渗流理论,导入非饱和土基质吸力分布规律方程、抗剪强度方程,通过数值计算研究剧烈干湿交替下非饱和-饱和渗流场的演化特征及排土场稳定性情况。结果表明:随干湿交替强度加剧,排土场边坡表面土体由非饱和状态向饱和状态转变,土体抗剪强度降低;1号排土场未产生滑移,而2号排土场受干湿交替影响产生滑移,滑移区域位于坡脚至第2台阶,随干湿交替强度加剧向深层发展;排土场边坡位移随干湿交替强度增强不断增大;安全系数随干湿交替程度增强而减少。

关键词: 剧烈干湿交替, 高海拔, 排土场, 安全稳定性, 边坡

Abstract:

In order to reveal impacts of intense drying-wetting alternation on safety and stability of high altitude dumps, numerical calculation was carried out for open mining No. 1 and No. 2 dump of limestone mine for cement in high altitude mining area. The distribution law equation of matric suction and shear strength equation were introduced for unsaturated soil based on unsaturated-saturated seepage theory. Therefore, the evolution characteristics of the unsaturated-saturated seepage field and stability of dumps were studied under intense drying-wetting alternation. The results show that as drying-wetting alternation intensity increases, the soil changes from unsaturated state to saturated one on dumps' slopes, and its shear strength decreases. There is no slippage on slope of No. 1 dump. However, the No. 2 dump is affected by intense alternation, and slip area is located between slope foot and the second step, which develops into deep layer as the alternation intensity grows. The slope displacement of dumps increases continuously while safety factor decreases along with the increase of the intensity.

Key words: intence drying-wetting alternation, high altitude, dump, safety and stability, slope

董建军, 杨嫡, 闫斌, 梅媛. 剧烈干湿交替下高海拔排土场安全稳定性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(3): 75-83.

DONG Jianjun, YANG Di, YAN Bin, MEI Yuan. Study on safety and stability of high altitude dumps under intense drying-wetting alternation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(3): 75-83.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

表2

表3

排土场边坡SWCC曲线模型基本参数

$β /$ kPa^-1	$k s /$ (m·s^-1)	$γ w /$ (kN·m^-3)	$θ s /$ %	$θ r /$ %	$α$	m	n
0.005	2.5×10^-6	9.8	50.29	11.90	0.06	0.15	4

表3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

参考文献 21

[1]	熊爽, 曾江波, 姚文敏, 等. 降雨干湿循环作用下的渣土边坡稳定性[J]. 地质科技情报, 2018, 37(5):240-246.
	XIONG Shuang, ZENG Jiangbo, YAO Wenmin, et al. Stability of construction solid waste landfill slope under wetting-drying cycle of rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2018, 37(5):240-246.
[2]	蔡正银, 陈皓, 黄英豪, 等. 考虑干湿循环作用的膨胀土渠道边坡破坏机理研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(11):1977-1982.
	CAI Zhengyin, CHEN Hao, HUANG Yinghao, et al. Failure mechanism of canal slopes of expansive soils considering action of wetting-drying cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(11):1977-1982.
[3]	SADIK K, IVOKE J, MASOUD N. Coupled effect of wet-dry cycles and rainfall on highway slope made of Yazoo clay[J]. Geosciences, 2019, 9(8):1-19. doi: 10.3390/geosciences9010001
[4]	陈绪新, 付厚利, 秦哲, 等. 干湿循环对含蚀变带边坡稳定性影响研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2017, 37(4):32-35.
	CHEN Xuxin, FU Houli, QIN Zhe, et al. Stability analysis for slope with alteration zone subjected to dry-wet cycles[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2017, 37(4):32-35.
[5]	于佳静, 陈东霞, 王晖, 等. 干湿循环下花岗岩残积土抗剪强度及边坡稳定性分析[J]. 厦门大学学报:自然科学版, 2019, 58(4):614-620.
	YU Jiajing, CHEN Dongxia, WANG Hui, et al. Analysis of the shear strength of granite residual soil and slope stability under wetting-drying cycles[J]. Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science, 2019, 58(4):614-620.
[6]	WANG Deyong, ZENG Qingjun, WANG Jing, et al. Effect of dry-wet cycle on stability of granite residual soil slope[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020,526:DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/526/1/012046.
[7]	VANAPALLI S K, FREDLUND D G, PUFAHL D E, et al. Model for the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1996, 33(3):379-392. doi: 10.1139/t96-060
[8]	邵龙潭, 郭晓霞, 郑国锋. 粒间应力、土骨架应力和有效应力[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(8): 1478-1483.
	SHAO Longtan, GUO Xiaoxia, ZHENG Guofeng. Intergranular stress, soil skeleton stress and effective stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(8): 1478-1483.
[9]	赵成刚, 张雪东. 非饱和土中功的表述以及有效应力与相分离原理的讨论[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2008, 38(9):1453-1463.
	ZHAO Chenggang, ZHANG Xuedong. Description of work in unsaturated soils and discussion of the principle of effective stress and phase separation[J]. Scientia Sinica:Technologica, 2008, 38(9):1453-1463.
[10]	董建军, 王思萌, 郭占勇, 等. 非饱和-饱和状态变化对土质边坡稳定性的影响研究[J]. 水利水电技术, 2018, 49(11):179-187.
	DONG Jianjun, WANG Simeng, GUO Zhanyong, et al. Study on the influence of unsaturated-saturated state change on soil slope stability[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2018, 49(11):179-187.
[11]	董建军, 王思萌, 杨晓萧, 等. 基于非饱和-饱和渗流的降雨入渗边坡稳定性分析[J]. 水利与建筑工程学报, 2018, 16(6):99-104.
	DONG Jianjun, WANG Simeng, YANG Xiaoxiao, et al. Analysis of the rainfall infiltration on slope stability based on unsaturated-saturated seepage[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, 2018, 16(6):99-104.
[12]	董建军, 杨嫡, 郑高阳, 等. 降雨条件下特高压输电线路基础安全稳定性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(1):116-124. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.01.017
	DONG Jianjun, YANG Di, ZHENG Gaoyang, et al. Research on safety and stability of UHV transmission line foundations under rainfall[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(1): 116-124. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.01.017
[13]	VAN G M T. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils1[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1980, 44(5): 892-898. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
[14]	MUALEM Y. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J]. Water Resources Research, 1976, 12(3): 513-522. doi: 10.1029/WR012i003p00513
[15]	GARDNER W R. Some steady state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table[J]. Soil Science, 1958, 85(4): 228-232. doi: 10.1097/00010694-195804000-00006
[16]	PHILIP J R. The quasilinear analysis, the scatering analog, and other aspects of infiltration and seepage[C]. Proceeding of Infiltration Development and Application, 1987:1-27.
[17]	李毅, 伍嘉. 基于FLAC^3D的饱和-非饱和渗流分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2012, 33(2): 617-622.
	LI Yi, WU Jia. Saturated-unsaturated seepage analysis based on FLAC^3D[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2012, 33(2): 617-622.
[18]	王东, 姜聚宇, 刘帅, 等. 露天煤矿边坡相对稳定性判据研究与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(7):76-81. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.07.013
	WANG Dong, JIANG Juyu, LIU Shuai, et al. Research on slope relative stability criterion and its application in open-pit coal mine[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(7):76-81. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.07.013
[19]	LI Weichao, LEE L M, CAI Hong, et al. Combined roles of saturated permeability and rainfall characteristics on surficial failure of homogeneous soil slope[J]. Engineering Geology, 2013, 153(2):105-113. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.017
[20]	张萌, 刘宏磊, 乔文光, 等. 排土场稳定性影响因素显著性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(2):69-75. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.02.010
	ZHANG Meng, LIU Honglei, QIAO Wenguang, et al. Significant research on influencing factors of dump stability[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(2):69-75. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.02.010
[21]	GB 51119—2015, 冶金矿山排土场设计规范[S].
	GB 51119-2015,Code for waste dump design of metal mine[S].

工程材料	天然容重/ (kN·m^-3)	饱和容重/ (kN·m^-3)	摩擦角/ (°)	水下摩擦角/ (°)	黏聚力/ kPa	水下黏聚力/ kPa
碾压堆石坝	20.5	—	35	—	5	—
人工填土	21.5	22.5	25.3	23.7	4	3
松散碎石土	20.5	21.0	20	18	8	4
稍密碎石土	21.0	22.0	22	20	10	5
强风化花岗闪长岩	22.5	22.8	30	25	40	30
中风化花岗闪长岩	25.2	25.5	38	35	500	400
碾压废石	20.4	—	35	33	—	—