基于位移信息融合的露天矿边坡动态预警方法

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效利用露天矿边坡安全预警监测中的多测点信息,考虑边坡通常以位移监测为主,且随开采进程测点布设时间不同及坡高的动态变化特性,提出基于位移信息融合的露天矿边坡动态预警方法。首先,以监测剖面为单元,采用数值模拟方法确定各监测剖面位移动态分级预警阈值;然后,采用联邦Kalman滤波融合同一监测剖面多测点位移监测信息,获得表达各监测剖面实时稳定状态的动态位移融合值;最后,通过比较监测剖面动态位移融合值和位移动态分级预警阈值,实时动态预警边坡各监测剖面的稳定性状态。重庆忠县某石灰岩露天矿边坡的监测预警应用表明:该预警方法不仅能充分利用多测点信息,实时分区安全预警边坡,而且可以预判边坡未来开挖过程的稳定性。

关键词: 信息融合, 露天矿边坡, 动态预警, 数值模拟, 位移监测

Abstract:

In order to effectively use information of multiple measurement points for early-warning and monitoring of slope safety in open-pit mines, considering the importance of displacement monitoring and its variation along with time of measuring points setting and slope height during mining, a dynamic warning method using integrated displacement information was proposed. Firstly, with monitoring profile as a unit, dynamic grading early warning threshold for displacement of each profile was determined through numerical simulation. Secondly, federated Kalman filter was used to integrate monitoring information of different measuring points from the same profile and obtain integrated displacement value representing timely stable state of each profile. Finally, by comparing integrated value with early warning threshold, real-time early-warning for steady state of each profile was realized. Application of the method in a limestone open-pit mine slope, located in Zhongxian county of Chongqing, shows that it can not only fully utilize information of multiple measurement points to send early warning in different regions in real-time, but also predict stability of slopes during mining process.

Key words: information integration, open-pit slope, dynamic warning, numerical simulation, displacement monitoring

冯巩, 夏元友, 王智德, 严敏嘉. 基于位移信息融合的露天矿边坡动态预警方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(3): 116-122.

FENG Gong, XIA Yuanyou, WANG Zhide, YAN Minjia. Dynamic early warning method of open-pit mine slopes based on integrated displacement information[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(3): 116-122.

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监测坡面	GNSS自动化监测点号			最终坡高/m	合计
17-17'	17-1066	17-1123	—	304	2
18-18'	18-1066	18-1093	18-1138	331	3
19-19'	19-1060	19-1090	—	273	2
II-II'	II-1030	—	—	279	1
III-III'	III-1075	—	—	275	1
A-A'	A-1090	—	—	274	1
F-F'	F-1057	F-1105	—	300	2
合计	—	—	—	—	12

岩性	结构面抗剪参数		结构面刚度/(MPa·m^-1)
岩性	c/MPa	φ/(°)	抗剪刚度	法向刚度
灰岩	0.463	26	25 600	10 000

监测剖面	边坡安全系数1.15		边坡安全系数1.05
监测剖面	拟合曲线表达式	拟合相关系数R²	拟合曲线表达式	拟合相关系数R²
17-17'	y=754exp(-x/71)+152	0.991	y=624exp(-x/83)+204	0.995
18-18'	y=572exp(-x/283)-22	0.985	y=844exp(-x/250)-45	0.979
19-19'	y=409exp(-x/225)+52	0.996	y=492exp(-x/239)+84	0.996
II-II'	y=495exp(-x/134)+146	0.990	y=570exp(-x/150)+152	0.981
III-III'	y=383exp(-x/100)+182	0.992	y=448exp(-x/146)+164	0.998
A-A'	y=319exp(-x/153)+178	0.999	y=439exp(-x/304)+80	0.991
F-F'	y=623exp(-x/97)+114	0.985	y=610exp(-x/112)+114	0.998

测点编号	时间
测点编号	2020-02-28	2020-03-28	2020-04-28	2020-05-28	2020-06-28	2020-07-28	2020-08-28	2020-09-28	2020-10-28
18-1093	40.8	51.4	69.5	92.1	98.1	104.4	123.4	127.3	177.5
18-1138	11.7	15.1	55.1	56.9	76.8	83.2	93.2	115.7	163.3
18-1066	159.5	162.8	170.9	181.4	206.7	213.1	223.1	246.8	294.2
17-1066	34.3	44.4	55.1	56.9	76.8	83.2	87.2	115.7	163.3
17-1123	6.0	8.6	12.9	15.4	43.9	45.9	50.6	78.5	136.5
19-1060	12.4	17.8	24.3	29.0	53.4	54.8	56.7	91.4	122.8
19-1090	4.4	11.5	12.3	22.3	44.7	45.4	46.1	78.4	130.3
II-1030	25.2	30.0	36.1	43.3	50.6	50.6	64.2	82.4	139.7
III-1060	26.6	29.5	35.1	41.7	56.6	62.1	65.0	88.4	144.2
A-1090	9.6	15.8	25.2	29.5	39.3	39.3	44.7	80.3	114.7
F-1057	20.8	31.5	35.8	37.0	41.1	43.9	43.9	82.3	100.9
F-1105	18.4	29.7	33.2	41.1	43.2	43.2	47.5	80.0	131.3

时间	边坡高度/m	位移融合值/mm	一级预警值/mm	二级预警值/mm	预警状态
2020-04-28	112	31.6	307.7	365.8	安全
2020-05-28	112	34.3	307.7	365.8	安全
2020-06-28	124	59.2	283.5	344.1	安全
2020-07-28	124	61.6	283.5	344.1	安全
2020-08-28	124	65.7	283.5	344.1	安全
2020-09-28	135	93.2	264.6	326.7	安全
2020-10-28	144	145.5	251.2	314.1	安全