消防员防护服颗粒物阻隔性能研究*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.0733

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 247-254.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.0733

消防员防护服颗粒物阻隔性能研究^*

杨昕宇¹(), 宋舆涵²^,³, 赵稼轩²^,⁴, 刘小勇²^,^**()

¹ 安徽建筑大学土木工程学院, 安徽合肥 230601
² 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院灾害环境人员安全安徽省重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230601
³ 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230026
⁴ 中国铁路北京局集团有限公司北京南站, 北京 100071

收稿日期:2025-09-20 修回日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-03-31
通信作者:
^** 刘小勇(1980—),男,江西吉安人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事公共安全、检验检测研究。E-mail: liuxiaoyong@tsinghua-hf.edu.cn。
作者简介:
杨昕宇 (2001—),男,安徽铜陵人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为人员安全与个体防护方面。E-mail:yolande_yu@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3006102)

Study on particulate matter blocking performance of firefighter protective suits

YANG Xinyu¹(), SONG Yuhan²^,³, ZHAO Jiaxuan²^,⁴, LIU Xiaoyong²^,^**()

¹ School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei Anhui 230601, China
² Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Personnel Safety in Disaster Environment, Hefei Institute of Public Security, Tsinghua University, Hefei Anhui 230601, China
³ State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China
⁴ Beijing South Railway Station, China Railway Beijing Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China

Received:2025-09-20 Revised:2025-12-05 Published:2026-03-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为验证不同消防员防护服的颗粒物阻隔性能,利用高精度环境舱和颗粒物发生装置搭建试验平台,使用氯化钠、癸二酸二辛酯和二氧化钛颗粒输出气溶胶混合物,模拟火灾浓烟环境,通过服装内外颗粒物的质量浓度分布计算向内泄漏率,并定量评价4种消防服的颗粒物阻隔性能。结果表明:灭火防护服与抢险救援服在人体上肢部位和下肢部位防护效果欠佳;轻型防化服整体性能最佳,平均总向内泄漏率为4.69%,相比对照组降低92.4%,性能表现优异;4种防护服对小粒径(0.3 ~1.0 μm)颗粒物都无法起到有效阻隔。

关键词: 消防员防护服, 浓烟环境, 颗粒物, 阻隔性能, 向内泄漏率, 粒径

Abstract:

To quantitatively evaluate the particle matter barrier performance of different firefighter protective clothing, a test platform was established using a high-precision environmental chamber and a particle generation device. Aerosol mixtures of sodium chloride, dioctyl sebacate and titanium dioxide particles were released to simulate a smoke-filled fire environment. The inward leakage rate was calculated based on the particle matter concentration distribution inside and outside the garments, allowing a quantitative assessment of the particle matter barrier performance of 4 types of protective clothing. The results demonstrate that firefighting garments and emergency-rescue suits provide inadequate protection for the upper and lower extremities. The light-duty chemical protective coverall exhibits the best overall performance, with an average total inward leakage rate of 4.69%, representing a 92.4% reduction compared to the control group. It demonstrates excellent protective capability. However, all four types of protective clothing are ineffective at blocking small particles with diameters of 0.3-1.0 μm.

Key words: firefighter protective suits, smoke environment, particulate matter, barrier performance, inward leakage rate, particle size

中图分类号:

X924.4安全控制技术

杨昕宇, 宋舆涵, 赵稼轩, 刘小勇. 消防员防护服颗粒物阻隔性能研究^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(3): 247-254.

YANG Xinyu, SONG Yuhan, ZHAO Jiaxuan, LIU Xiaoyong. Study on particulate matter blocking performance of firefighter protective suits[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(3): 247-254.

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工况编号	试验服装
1	基础服装
2	灭火防护服+基础服装
3	抢险救援服+基础服装
4	避火服+基础服装
5	轻型防化服+基础服装

等级	效应量区间	阻隔性能描述
Ⅰ(优异)	d≥0.80	显著优于对照, 实际风险极低
Ⅱ(良好)	0.60 ≤d <0.80	明显优于对照, 可满足火场需求
Ⅲ(一般)	0.20 ≤d <0.60	部分防护,高温浓烟环境受限
Ⅳ(较差)	d<0.20	与对照无实质差异,不推荐浓烟作业

消防员防护服颗粒物阻隔性能研究^*

Study on particulate matter blocking performance of firefighter protective suits

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