泡沫灭火剂垂直输运特性及其对关键参数的影响分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.04.0546

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决超高层建筑火灾中系留式灭火无人机灭火剂长距离垂直输运的难题,通过建立泡沫灭火剂垂直输运模型,对比分析模拟结果、经验模型计算结果和试验数据,深入研究流量、气液比和管径对泡沫灭火剂垂直输运过程中的压力损失和流动速度的影响。结果表明:垂直输运模型误差稳定且均小于3%,优于经验模型的计算精度。随着流量的增加,压力损失逐渐增大,且流量越大,同等流量增量对应的压力损失增幅越明显,管内流动速度的稳定时间也随之缩短。流量一定、管径分别为60和100 mm时,压力损失随着气液比增加而减小;增大管径可减小气液比对摩擦压降和管内流动速度的影响。随着管径增加,速度变小,摩擦压降也减小;管径在40~60 mm范围内,管径对压力损失和速度变化的影响较大,当管径大于80 mm时,影响减弱。

关键词: 泡沫灭火剂, 垂直输运, 流动特性, 摩擦压力损失, 流动速度, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In order to address the challenges associated with the long-distance vertical transport of fire suppressant agents delivered by tethered firefighting drones in super high-rise building fires, a vertical transport model for foam extinguishing agents was established. The simulation results were comparatively validated against both empirical model calculations and experimental data. Furthermore, the study conducted an in-depth investigation into the effects of flow rate, gas-liquid ratio, and pipe diameter on pressure loss and flow velocity during the vertical transport of foam extinguishing agents. The findings indicate that the numerical simulation errors remain stable and are consistently less than 3%, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to the empirical model. In terms of flow characteristics, as the flow rate increases, pressure loss gradually rises, with the rate of increase becoming more pronounced at higher flow rates; concurrently, the stabilization time of the flow velocity within the pipe is reduced. Under constant flow rate conditions, when the pipe diameters are 60 mm and 100 mm, respectively, pressure loss decreases with an increase in the gas-liquid ratio. Moreover, increasing the pipe diameter mitigates the influence of the gas-liquid ratio on both frictional pressure drop and flow velocity. The impact of pipe diameter on pressure loss is primarily realized through alterations in the internal flow velocity: as the pipe diameter increases, the flow velocity decreases, leading to a corresponding reduction in frictional pressure drop. Within the pipe diameter range of 40 mm to 60 mm, the effect of pipe diameter on pressure loss and velocity variation is significant; however, when the pipe diameter exceeds 80 mm, this influence gradually diminishes. The research outcomes provide theoretical guidance for the vertical.

Key words: foam fire extinguishing agent, vertical transport, flow characteristic, frictional pressure loss, flow velocity, numerical model

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

李春艺, 周睿, 顾寅, 刘梦凡, 宿荣芳. 泡沫灭火剂垂直输运特性及其对关键参数的影响分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(4): 228-234.

Li Chunyi, Zhou Rui, Gu Yin, Liu Mengfan, Su Rongfang. Analysis of vertical transport characteristics of foam fire extinguishing agent and influence of key parameters[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(4): 228-234.

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网格数	时间步长/s	单位时间步计算时长/s	硬件资源消耗
5×10⁴	0.5	112	CPU 16核并行计算
20×10⁴		339
80×10⁴		1 223

灭火剂组成部分	密度/ (kg/m³)	运动黏度/ (Pa·s)	表面张力系数/(N/m)
气相	1.225	1.48×10^-5	0.07
液相	1 000	1×10^-6	0.07

管径/ mm	液相流量/ (L/min)	气相流量/ (L/min)	单位高度压力损失/(kPa/m)
80	400	2 400	3.7
100	400	2 400	2.7

管径/ mm	垂直输运模型	混合相-单相并流模型	均相模型
80	0.021 4	0.03	0.015
100	0.025 9	0.075 7	0.142 4

管径/mm	管内稳定流动速度/(m/s)
管径/mm	气液比为6	气液比为8
40	17.050	16.974
60	7.552	7.544
80	4.264	4.266
100	2.716	2.722
120	1.890	2.023