重大突发公共卫生事件下飞行员职业韧性对工作倦怠的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.1807

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究重大突发公共卫生事件下不同时期飞行员工作倦怠状况,以及职业韧性对工作倦怠的影响机制,以新冠疫情为例,采用职业韧性量表、工作嵌入量表和工作倦怠量表,分别于疫情防控期及防控政策放开后,先后2次对国内7家航空公司飞行员开展问卷调查,并使用Process宏程序进行假设检验。结果表明:在疫情防控期,近34.5%的飞行员表现出轻度、中度工作倦怠,在疫情防控政策放开后,飞行员倦怠水平降低,倦怠检出率为27.5%,且基本为轻度倦怠;在前后2个时期中,职业韧性与工作倦怠及其3个维度均显著负相关,职业韧性对工作倦怠有显著负向影响;工作嵌入在职业韧性与工作倦怠及其情绪衰竭、去人性化等维度间均发挥部分中介效应,工作嵌入在飞行员职业韧性和工作倦怠之间的中介效应占比先后为31.58%、36.67%。提高飞行员职业韧性水平及工作嵌入度,可有效应对重大突发公共卫生事件下飞行员工作倦怠问题。

关键词: 重大突发公共卫生事件, 飞行员, 职业韧性, 工作倦怠, 工作嵌入

Abstract:

In order to explore the job burnout status of pilots in different periods of major public health emergencies and the influence mechanism of career resilience on job burnout, taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example, the pilots of seven airlines in China were investigated twice during the epidemic prevention and control period and after the release of prevention and control policies by the career resilience scale, job embeddedness scale and job burnout scale. And the Process macro program was used for hypothesis testing. The results show that during the prevention and control period of the COVID-19 epidemic, nearly 34.5% of pilots show mild and moderate job burnout. After the release of the prevention and control policy, the level of pilot burnout decreases, and the detection rate of burnout is 27.5%, which is basically mild. During the epidemic prevention and control period and after the policy is liberalized, career resilience is significantly negatively correlated with job burnout and its three dimensions, and career resilience has a significant negative impact on job burnout. During the epidemic prevention and control period and after the policy is liberalized, job embeddedness plays a partial mediating effect among the dimensions of career resilience, job burnout, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The mediating effects of job embeddedness in the two periods are 31.58% and 36.67%, respectively. Improving the career resilience and job embeddedness of pilots can effectively deal with the job burnout of pilots in major public health emergencies.

Key words: major public health emergencies, pilots, career resilience, job burnout, job embeddedness

李丽, 陈瑶, 赵跃, 曹长城. 重大突发公共卫生事件下飞行员职业韧性对工作倦怠的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(10): 23-29.

LI Li, CHEN Yao, ZHAO Yue, CAO Changcheng. Effect of pilots' career resilience on job burnout under major public health emergencies[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(10): 23-29.

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指标	χ²/df	RMSEA	GFI	CFI	NFI	CR	AVE
职业韧性	1.893	0.063	0.941	0.985	0.969	0.960	0.743
工作嵌入	1.966	0.066	0.903	0.972	0.945	0.961	0.674
工作倦怠	1.943	0.065	0.916	0.973	0.947	0.957	0.691
理想水平	<3	<0.08	>0.9	>0.9	>0.9	>0.8	>0.5

项目		工作倦怠(M±SD)	情绪衰竭(M±SD)	去人性化(M±SD)	个人成就感(M±SD)
年龄/ 岁	≤30	53.64±26.42/42.32±16.04	2.88±1.50/2.04±1.30	2.31±1.49/1.12±1.03	2.77±1.73/2.85±1.20
	31~40	24.00±12.43/34.75±16.75	0.83±0.09/1.44±0.96	0.90±0.84/1.04±1.00	1.56±0.75/2.46±1.24
	41~50	52.89±13.34/40.67±20.15	1.53±1.42/2.00±1.48	2.41±2.27/1.96±1.51	3.72±2.06/2.11±0.81
F值		51.64^**/4.02^	59.64^*/6.48^	33.85^***/2.38	21.49^***/2.30
婚姻	未婚	53.81±26.48/42.10±15.63	2.85±1.52/2.03±1.21	2.30±1.53/1.22±1.02	2.81±1.74/2.75±1.08
婚姻	已婚	24.38±12.13/34.40±16.99	1.04±0.83/1.40±0.98	0.94±0.84/1.02±1.03	1.55±0.74/2.45±1.28
T值		11.18^*/9.37^	11.48^*/15.49^*	8.53^***/1.55	7.39^***/2.75
任职时间/ a	≤1	57.76±29.16/43.42±17.12	3.17±1.52/2.23±1.21	2.44±1.53/1.24±1.05	2.95±1.76/2.74±1.21
	2~3	38.58±22.09/40.42±16.68	1.84±1.52/2.08±1.29	1.65±1.37/1.08±1.00	2.19±1.41/2.60±0.96
	4~5	30.42±18.45/41.07±17.14	1.26±1.04/1.70±1.42	1.12±1.25/1.25±1.28	1.95±1.27/2.88±1.18
	5~10	27.63±15.17/32.75±15.89	1.39±0.99/1.34±0.82	1.11±0.96/0.85±0.89	1.55±0.96/2.41±1.30
	>11	32.67±21.40/36.80±16.92	2.40±1.55/1.51±1.03	1.69±1.52/1.30±1.05	0.96±0.76/2.48±1.23
F值		15.56^**/2.76^	20.23^*/4.48^	8.93^***/2.04	7.46^***/0.89
职位	飞行教员	38.15±20.87/36.8±14.96	1.91±1.62/1.60±1.13	1.56±1.54/1.18±0.85	2.14±1.45/2.48±1.09
	机长	29.45±17.41/35.63±17.40	1.63±1.26/1.47±1.03	1.08±0.86/1.16±1.25	1.61±1.06/2.45±1.28
	副驾	42.93±27.36/35.99±17.17	2.10±1.60±1.55±1.07	1.78±1.48/1.04±1.01	2.42±1.59/2.51±1.22
	其他	43.47±16.67/41.29±16.92	3.00±1.12/1.93±1.23	2.45±1.45/1.13±0.96	1.30±0.83/2.80±1.30
F值		1.94/0.85	1.89/1.11	2.57/0.19	3.53^*/0.53

变量	M±SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
职业韧性	3.59±1.08/4.12±0.61	1	—	—	—	—	—
工作嵌入	3.42±1.04/3.58±0.71	0.81^*/0.43^*	1	—	—	—	—
工作倦怠	41.30±26.01/36.78±16.92	-0.74^*/-0.46^*	-0.71^*/-0.46^*	1	—	—	—
情绪衰竭	2.08±1.56/1.60±1.09	-0.68^*/-0.38^*	-0.73^*/-0.44^*	0.89^*/0.78^*	1	—	—
去人性化	1.72±1.45/1.08±1.03	-0.67^*/-0.31^*	-0.67^*/-0.42^*	0.86^*/0.75^*	0.86^*/0.72^*	1	—
个人成就感	2.28±1.53/2.54±1.23	-0.57^*/-0.33^*	-0.47^**/-0.23^	0.82^*/0.72^*	0.5^*/0.19^	0.49^*/0.12^	1

效应及影响路径		突发公共卫生事件中期				突发公共卫生事件末期
效应	路径	效应值	标准误差	95%CI	占比/%	效应值	标准误差	95%CI	占比/%
直接效应	①→③	-0.52	0.08	(-0.68,-0.35)	68.42	-0.57	0.14	(-0.99,-0.39)	63.33
间接效应	①→②→③	-0.24	0.07	(-0.41,-0.11)	31.58	-0.33	0.11	(-0.61,-0.14)	36.67
直接效应	①→④	-0.30	0.13	(-0.52,-0.03)	38.96	-0.35	0.12	(-0.58,-0.11)	56.45
间接效应	①→②→④	-0.47	0.11	(-0.72,-0.29)	61.04	-0.27	0.08	(-0.43,-0.13)	43.55
直接效应	①→⑤	-0.46	0.12	(-0.69,-0.22)	59.74	-0.27	0.12	(-0.50,-0.03)	51.92
间接效应	①→②→⑤	-0.31	0.10	(-0.54,-0.13)	40.26	-0.25	0.08	(-0.43,-0.11)	48.08