烟雾影响下疏散路径选择行为虚拟试验研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.06.0286

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究火灾及有毒气体泄漏事故中烟雾环境对人员路径选择行为的影响机制,克服因伦理道德限制难以开展真人实景试验的研究困境,通过搭建虚拟疏散试验平台,设计开展烟雾影响下的路径选择试验,将人员在现实生活中不同烟雾场景下的运动速度引入虚拟环境,研究烟雾水平及路径长度对疏散人员路径选择行为的影响。结果表明:烟雾水平和路径长度对被试的疏散路径选择行为均有显著影响,被试更倾向于选择烟雾水平较低、路径长度较短的路径,由二元logistic回归模型结果可知,与路径长度(优势比OR=15.516)相比,烟雾水平(OR=45.475)对被试路径选择的影响更大,但也出现了极少数被试选择高烟雾水平路径的冒险行为。试验后的问卷调查结果显示被试在虚拟环境中可以比较真实的体验烟雾环境下的疏散过程,研究信效度高。

关键词: 人员疏散, 虚拟试验, 烟雾水平, 疏散路径选择, 路径长度

Abstract:

To investigate the influence mechanisms of smoke environments on pedestrian's evacuation route choice behavior during fires and toxic gas leakages, and to overcome the research challenges posed by ethical constraints that make real-life human experiments difficult to conduct, in this paper, a virtual evacuation experiment platform was constructed. In order to study the influence of smoke level and route length on evacuees' route choice behavior, a single-player route choice experiment was designed and carried out under the influence of smoke, taking into account the pedestrian's speed difference under different smoke scenes in real life. Results indicate that both smoke level and route length have significant influence on evacuees' evacuation route choice behavior. The evacuees prefer to choose the route with lower smoke levels and shorter length. The results of the binary logistic regression model show that compared with the route length (Odds Ratio,OR=15.516), the smoke level (OR=45.475) has a greater influence on the route choice of evacuees. However, a small number of evacuees took a risk, that is, choosing a route with higher smoke levels for evacuation. The post-experiment questionnaire results demonstrated that participants could experience a reasonably authentic evacuation process in smoke-filled environments within the virtual reality scenarios, indicating high levels of validity and reliability for the study.

Key words: human evacuation, virtual experiment, smoke level, evacuation route choice, route length

中图分类号:

X951交通运输安全

崔成博, 李若愚, 陈娟, 王巧, 马剑. 烟雾影响下疏散路径选择行为虚拟试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(6): 174-180.

CUI Chengbo, LI Ruoyu, CHEN Juan, WANG Qiao, MA Jian. Virtual experiment study on route choice behavior under influence of smoke level[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(6): 174-180.

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序号	虚拟人初始生成位置	路径长度/m		Δd/m
序号	虚拟人初始生成位置	路径P_A	路径P_B	Δd/m
1	房间1	27.5	27.5	0
2	房间2	27.5	27.5	0
3	房间3	22.5	32.5	10
4	房间4	22.5	32.5	10
5	房间5	17.5	37.5	20
6	房间6	17.5	37.5	20
7	房间7	12.5	42.5	30
8	房间8	12.5	42.5	30

烟雾水平	C_s/m^-1	D_s/m	V_r/(m·s^-1)	V_w/(m·s^-1)
无烟雾	—	—	4.5	1.4
低水平	0.2	10	3.91	1.35
高水平	1	2	2.3	0.99

速度状况	烟雾水平	减少系数/s^-1
行走	低	1.5
行走	高	2
奔跑	低	2
奔跑	高	3

场景与统计量	无烟雾	低水平烟雾	高水平烟雾	总计
被试选左侧路径次数	93	102	93	288
被试选右侧路径次数	99	90	101	290
被试选左侧路径占比/%	48.44	53.13	47.94	49.83

路径P_A 烟雾水平	路径P_B烟雾水平			检验统计量χ²	p值
路径P_A 烟雾水平	无烟雾	低水平	高水平	检验统计量χ²	p值
无烟雾	79.30	97.66	99.35	261.097	0.000
低水平	35.42	85.55	98.31	863.091	0.000
高水平	10.94	24.61	61.07	472.428	0.000