中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 195-203.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1328

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

古镇突发火灾情景下人员疏散行为影响因素研究

赵金龙 副教授1(), 马龙1, 徐童 讲师1,**(), 赵利宏2,3, 王振华1   

  1. 1 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院,北京 100083
    2 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京 100013
    3 河南理工大学 安全科学与工程学院,河南 焦作 454003
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-15 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-04-28
  • 通信作者:
    **徐 童(1995—),男,河北邯郸人,博士,讲师,主要从事城市公共安全及消防技术方面的研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵金龙 (1988—),男,河北承德人,博士,副教授,主要从事火灾动力学、火灾防控技术及风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail:

Research on influencing factors of evacuation behavior in ancient town fire emergencies

ZHAO Jinlong1(), MA Long1, XU Tong1,**(), ZHAO Lihong2,3, WANG Zhenhua1   

  1. 1 School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    2 China Academy of Building Research Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
    3 College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo Henan 454003, China
  • Received:2024-12-15 Revised:2025-02-21 Published:2025-04-28

摘要:

为掌握古镇突发火灾情景下人员疏散行为及心理特征,准确识别人员疏散行为影响因素,首先,选择浙江省某古镇为研究对象,从人员基本特征、古镇火灾风险认知能力及态度、人员疏散行为3个方面开展人员疏散行为问卷调查。随后,采用皮尔逊卡方检验和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)机器学习算法综合分析年龄段、消防救援演习频率、古镇火灾风险了解程度等与人员疏散行为相关性。结果表明:游客(77.78%)比古镇居民和商户(22.22%)更加了解古镇火灾风险;年龄对折返行为有显著影响;受教育程度越高,受访者在疏散过程中越不倾向于发生超越行为(由85%降低到33%);未主动熟悉安全出口的人在选择疏散出口时更容易表现出从众和“惯性”行为(分别从8%上升到33%、12%上升到20%)。应当重点关注古镇当地居民和商户的消防安全培训情况,加强古镇消防安全管理,并制定针对不同年龄段的人员疏散方案,以提高古镇突发火灾下人员疏散能力。

关键词: 古镇火灾, 人员疏散行为, 调查问卷, 影响因素, 风险认知能力, 超越行为

Abstract:

To understand evacuation behavior and psychological characteristics in the event of a sudden fire in an ancient town, and to accurately identify the factors influencing personnel evacuation behavior, a questionnaire survey on evacuation behavior was conducted in an ancient town in Zhejiang Province. The survey focused on three aspects: basic population characteristics, awareness and attitudes toward fire risk in the ancient town, and evacuation behavior. Subsequently, the correlation between evacuation behavior and factors such as age group, frequency of fire drills, and understanding of fire risks in ancient towns was comprehensively analyzed using the Pearson's Chi-square test and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm. The results indicate that tourists (77.78%) are more aware of fire risks in the ancient town than local residents and merchants (22.22%). Age has a significant impact on returning behavior. The higher the level of education, the less likely respondents are to engage in overtaking behavior during evacuation (decreasing from 85% to 33%). Individuals who have not proactively familiarized themselves with emergency exits are more likely to exhibit herd and 'habitual' behavior when choosing evacuation exits (increasing from 8% to 33% and from12% to 20%, respectively). Special attention should be given to fire safety training for local residents and merchants. Fire safety management in the ancient town should be strengthened, and evacuation plans tailored to different age groups should be developed to improve evacuation capabilities in the event of a sudden fire in the ancient town.

Key words: ancient town fire, personnel evacuation behavior, questionnaire survey, influencing factors, risk awareness ability, transcend behavior

中图分类号: