Research on evacuation model in densely populated area in a complex building

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.05.003

Abstract

Abstract: In order to effectively assess the evacuation ability in crowded place of a complex building in the event of an emergency, combined with the dynamic control equations of the evacuation speed, evacuation time, and population density, the mathematical model of crowd evacuation in a complex building was constructed. Taking a sudden event in a shopping mall as an example, the model and the Pathfinder software simulation method were used to calculate the evacuation time. The results show that the moving speed, evacuation time and personnel density influence and control each other, which ultimately affects the evacuation efficiency. The evacuation time obtained by the mathematical model is consistent with that simulated by Pathfinder software, and the calculation results of the model reflect that evacuation time correlates with the number of floors of the building, the speed of movement of the crowd, the crowd density, and physical parameters of the stairs. The model predicts that blockage is more likely to occur at the stairway and takes up most of the evacuation time.

Key words: complex building, dense area, evacuation, mathematical model, simulation

CLC Number:

X928.03

CHEN Yizhou, CHEN Wentao, ZHANG Wudi, HAN Jing, ZHOU Xinxin, WANG Zhiwei. Research on evacuation model in densely populated area in a complex building[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(5): 13-18.

References

[1] 蔡美静. 基于复杂建筑结构和行走环境变化的行人流动力学建模及复杂性研究[D]. 桂林: 广西师范大学, 2016.
CAI Meijing. Pedestrian flow dynamics modeling and complexity research based on complex building structure and walking environment changes[D]. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University, 2016.
[2] 李锋, 刘晓强. 基于Agent和元胞的火灾逃生仿真模型应用研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2008, 20(15): 4 163-4 167.
LI Feng, LIU Xiaoqiang. Application research of fire escape simulation model based on Agent and cell[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2008, 20(15): 4 163-4 167.
[3] 赵宇宁, 党会森. 教学楼应急疏散演练方案改进研究[J]. 中国公共安全: 学术版, 2011(3): 52-55.
ZHAO Yuning, DANG Huisen. Research on improvement of emergency evacuation exercises in teaching buildings[J]. China Public Safety: Academic Edition, 2011(3): 52-55.
[4] 郑霞忠, 田丹, 谢雪凌, 等. 考虑被疏散者汇流的楼梯疏散模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(8): 168-173.
ZHENG Xiazhong, TIAN Dan, XIE Xueling, et al. Stair evacuation model considering the confluence of evacuees[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(8): 168-173.
[5] 田西柱. 基于高密度人群的人流行为分析[J]. 物联网技术, 2013(12): 88-89.
TIAN Xizhu. Analysis of human epidemic based on high-density population[J]. Internet of Things Technology, 2013(12): 88-89.
[6] 高国平, 管昌生. 考虑帮助行为的人员疏散元胞自动机模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(1): 56-61.
GAO Guoping, GUAN Changsheng. Cellular automaton model for evacuation considering help behavior[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(1): 56-61.
[7] 朱伟, 王亚飞, 马英楠, 等. 紧急疏散路径选择行为的实验研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2016, 12(3): 115-121.
ZHU Wei, WANG Yafei, MA Yingnan, et al. Experimental study on emergency evacuation path selection behavior[J]. China Safety Science and Technology, 2016, 12(3): 115-121.
[8] 周杰松, 邓永恒. 基于AnyLogic的机场航站楼应急疏散仿真研究[J].现代计算机: 专业版, 2017(14): 82-84.
ZHOU Jiesong, DENG Yongheng. Research on the simulation of emergency evacuation from the terminal building based on AnyLogic[J]. Modern Computer: Professional Version,2017(14): 82-84.
[9] LEVIN B. A simulation model of occupant decisions and actions in residential fires[C]. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 1989: 561-570.
[10] HELBING D, FARKAS I, VICSEK T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J]. Nature, 2000, 407: 487-490.
[11] HOOGENDOORN S P, BOVY P H L. Pedestrain and evacuation dynamics[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2001: 123-154.
[12] 陆君安, 方正, 卢兆明, 等.建筑物人员疏散逃生速度的数学模型[J]. 武汉大学学报: 工学版, 2002, 35(2): 66-70.
LU Jun'an, FANG Zheng, LU Zhaoming, et al. Mathematical model of evacuation speed of building personnel[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2002, 35(2): 66-70.
[13] 王卫华, 吴淑娴, 程建. 建筑物人员疏散方案的数学模型研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2010,32(11): 155-158.
WANG Weihua, WU Shuxian, CHENG Jian. Research on mathematical model of building personnel evacuation plan[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2010,32(11): 155-158.
[14] 胡效雷, 刘朝, 陈秀环. 高层建筑中人员安全疏散时间的计算机模拟[J]. 重庆大学学报, 2004, 27(10): 105-108.
HU Xiaolei, LIU Chao, CHEN Xiuhuan. Computer simulation of personnel evacuation time in high-rise buildings[J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 2004, 27(10): 105-108.
[15] 孙立, 赵林度. 基于群集动力学模型的密集场所人群疏散问题研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2007, 7(5): 124-127.
SUN Li, ZHAO Lindu. Research on evacuation of crowds in dense places based on cluster dynamics model[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2007, 7(5): 124-127.