Study on air traffic control risks of aircraft flight test activities based on flight profile

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.020

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to analyze impacts of air traffic control risks on aircraft airworthiness flight test accidents, firstly, corresponding flight profile was drawn according to aircraft flight test subjects. Secondly, based on the flight profile of test activities, support process of the control unit was analyzed, and risk factors on test activities were extracted. Then, evolution process of accidents were analyzed by utilizing fault tree analysis(FTA), and events and logical relationship were mapped to BN. Finally, conditional probability tables were determined on the basis of unsafe event classification results of civil aviation and risk assessment conclusion of flight activities by aircraft manufacturers, and posterior probability was calculated based on variable elimination method to derive main causes of accidents. The results show that when unsafe events or potential accidents occur in flight test activities, management factors are the key causes in ATC support progress. Flight test mission, airspace environment and controllers' work error are also the major risk sources.

Key words: flight profile, aircraft airworthiness, flight test activities, risk assessment, air traffic management, Bayesian network(BN)

HAN Peng, WANG Jun, WANG Qi, ZHAO Yifei. Study on air traffic control risks of aircraft flight test activities based on flight profile[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1): 149-156.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab.1

Typical test subjects and security requirements in verification and flight test activities of aircraft

编号	试验科目		测试目的		时间/地点		保障需求
1	起飞和爬升时发动机额定推力测试		检查发动机参数		起飞时的时速为80 kn;上升过程中在高度层FL70或FL80的速度为250 kn		连续爬升至气压高度6 900 ft(2 100 m)或7 900 ft(2 400 m)
编号	试验科目	测试目的		时间/地点		保障需求
2	飞行控制和重力检查	检查飞机的正常动作(俯仰和翻滚),以及加速后的完备性		在高度层FL98(3 000 m)和高度层FL197(6 000 m)之间根据目视气象条件爬升		隔离空域内运行。快速高度和航向改变。管制员可以施加一转弯方向(左或右)。预计持续时间:2~5 min
3	导航系统	检查所有导航系统边界,质量和功能		在高度层FL311(9 500 m)以300 kn速度巡航。		识别呼号并观察
4	横向配平	检查飞机是否配平		在高度层FL311(9 500 m)以300 kn速度巡航。在高度层FL391(11 900 m)以M0.78速度巡航。低速测试在高度3 000—4 200 m区间运行		在到达指定高度之前,空中交通管制需要提供风向和风速信息,允许驾驶员进行最长航段的测试。预计持续时间:2~10 min
5	机舱减压	检查客舱泄漏率、客舱高度警报和氧气面罩		在高度层FL311(9 500 kn)以速度300 kn巡航		机组人员在通信时戴氧气面罩。如果出现增压问题,可能紧急下降到安全高度。预计持续时间:5 min
6	发动机参数	检查发动机参数是否一致和对称		在高度层FL311(9 500 m)以速度300 kn巡航。在高度层FL391(11 900 m)以M0.78速度巡航		无航向或高度变化。预计持续时间:3 min
7	测定风速风向	检查空中数据系统之间的一致性和RVSM能力		在高度层FL311(9 500 m)以速度300 kn巡航		使用RVSM(缩小最低垂直间隔)间隔。预计持续时间:2 min
8	巡航性能	检查飞机巡航时的燃油消耗情况		在特定航向上以给定马赫数和飞行高度层飞行		没有航向或高度变化。需要长飞行边。预计持续时间:5~10 min每个点
9	低速测试	检查低速保护是否充分		在高度层FL98(3 000 m)和FL138(4 200 m)之间飞行		飞机以低速飞行。有限的可操作性。测试中不得改变航向或高度。预计持续时间:每个测试构型持续2 min
10	低速模拟绕行	检查自动驾驶模式和自动刹车		在高度层FL98(3 000 m)和FL138(4 200 m)之间飞行		无特殊保障需求
11	低速高负载回缩	设置负载率为1.2 g (g为重力加速度)		在高度层FL98(3 000 m)和FL138(4 200 m)之间飞行		飞行员将请求改变航向(大约30 s)。管制员可发布转向指令(左转或右转)。预计持续时间:<1 min
12	进场交接	低速飞行时预留2 min测试时间		管制员准备进场交接。空中交通管制通知飞行意图(首选降落高度≥3 000 m,持续上升至1 500 m或更低)		无特殊保障需求。预计持续时间:2 min
13	负舱连续下降	检查客舱压力警报、溢流和安全阀		进场交接后,从9 800 ft(3 000 m)下降到4 900 ft(1 500 m)		持续高速下降。预计持续时间:持续下降时间小于2 min
14	应急情况液压系统测试	检查液压供应,应急发电机工作		在五边飞行中		无特殊保障需求。预计持续时间:1 min
15	自动着陆系统	在进近和着陆过程中检查自动着陆系统功能		进近和着陆过程		信号保护区域无障碍物/飞机

Tab.1

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