Analysis of drivers' visual characteristics under different driving conditions in high-density interchange of freeway

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.1391

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to study the influence characteristics of different driving conditions on driving behavior of small-clearance interchanges, eye tracker was used to collect the drivers' eye movement data in the real vehicle experiment. k-medoids dynamic clustering method was used to divide the drivers' visual interest area. A comparative analysis of gaze behavior and saccade characteristics of drivers was conducted of under mainline entry and exit conditions at conventional clear-distance and small-clearance interchanges and across different driving stages. The driving behavior characteristics of drivers under high-density interchange of the expressway were revealed. The results show that drivers mainly focus on the area of road ahead and instrument panel, and they also pay special attention to the area of the left mirror when driving into mainline conditions. The 500 ms gaze time is a common time window for drivers to capture key information. The mean value of the gaze time on small-clearance interchange is higher than that on regular-clearance interchanges. There is a clear bias in observing the horizontal and vertical information in different driving phases. The mean gaze duration was higher in the small-clearance interchanges than in the conventional interchanges. The reduction of clear distance of the interchanges increases drivers' scanning amplitude and changed the scanning direction, which is most obvious in the interweaving section. The scanning amplitude is uniformly distributed in the range of 200 px. There is no significant difference in the mean distribution of fixation time between drivers of different driving ages. There is no significant monotonic relationship between the drivers' gaze duration and scanning speed and amplitude, while there is a significant positive correlation between scanning speed and amplitude of scanning.

Key words: expressway, high density interchange, driving mode, driver, visual characteristic, k-medoids

CLC Number:

X951交通运输安全

YUAN Chunling, HOU Gen, YANG Zimiao, ZHU Xinglin, XU Jin. Analysis of drivers' visual characteristics under different driving conditions in high-density interchange of freeway[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 180-189.

Figures/Tables 12

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立交类型	驶入主线			驶出主线
立交类型	汇入段	交织段	主线段	主线段	交织段	汇出段
常规净距立交	335.42	297.03	256.89	274.58	294.71	267.59
小净距立交	366.24	329.78	284.37	303.47	324.43	314.71

变量	注视时间	扫视速度	扫视幅度
注视时间	1	—	—
扫视速度	-0.138^**	1	—
扫视幅度	-0.072^**	0.701^**	1