Loading...

Table of Content

    28 December 2022, Volume 32 Issue 12
    Safety science theory and safety system science
    Research and application of safety constraint model of behavioral risk degree of freedom
    LI Wenchang, HE Qingfa, LI Hao, ZHOU Aitao, LUO Yun, LIU Zhenjiang
    2022, 32(12):  1-9.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2101
    Asbtract ( 447 )   HTML ( 13)   PDF (2158KB) ( 246 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to reduce the incidence of man-made accidents, combined with the theory of behaviour science and the constraint principle of mechanical movement degree of freedom, the concept of human behaviour risk degree of freedom was put forward and the safety constraint model of risk degree of freedom was established. The core of this model was to randomly constrain human risk degree of freedom with appropriate safety constraint elements and safety constraint mechanism, so that human risky behaviors were subject to the whole process and all-round safety restrictions, safety vigilance and safety reminders, so as to eliminate human random safety risks and avoid human accidents. Taking the operators and managers of coal mine enterprises as an example, based on the theory of work safety layer, a dynamic risk constraint mechanism with time and space as the protection layer was constructed, and a safety constraint guarantee system and measures were established to ensure its effective implementation. The results show that in the production, operation and management activities of coal mine, the use of customized safety constraint elements with random safety constraint function, and the implementation of positioning, timing and quantitavie dynamic constraints on the risk freedom of coal mine personnel can make people's risk behaviors subject to the whole process and all-around safety restriction, safety vigilance and safety reminder, so as to prevent people's unsafe behavior and management defects in a timely, random and advanced manner, and effectively avoid human accidents.

    A prediction and early warning model of miners' unsafe behavior based on random forest
    LI Hongxia, XU Haoran, TIAN Shuicheng
    2022, 32(12):  10-18.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2752
    Asbtract ( 434 )   HTML ( 19)   PDF (2309KB) ( 348 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to reduce the unsafe behaviors of coal miners and make scientific judgement of current status and future trend, this study constructed a database of accidents of coal mines and an attribute table of unsafe behaviors of miners with accident statistics and literatures. On this basis, association rules between unsafe factors and behaviors were explored by adopting Apriori algorithm. An original model was established to fit training, which was formed by taking strong correlation rule as input indicators to the random forest prediction model and the frequency of unsafe behaviors as output indicators. Early warning threshold based on correlation analysis and expert recommendations was also set to refine the early warning model of miners' unsafe behaviors. The results show that safety culture, on-site monitoring, ineffective correction, technical environment, and personnel status constitute strong correlation rules with miners' unsafe behaviors. For the prediction of miners' unsafe behavior, the predicted value has less deviations from the actual, and the early warning model has relatively high accuracy. Among them, technical environment, work environment, organizational management, and identification of hazards play the key role in predicting outcomes.

    Application of curriculum politics evaluation in safety discipline based on CIPP model
    TONG Ruipeng, WANG Leyao, WANG Lulu, CHEN Xingbang, AN Yu
    2022, 32(12):  19-24.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0903
    Asbtract ( 383 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (1663KB) ( 178 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to comprehensively understand the construction of curriculum politics in safety discipline, an evaluation index system was constructed. Firstly, the feasibility of applying the CIPP model for the evaluation of curriculum politics was analyzed. Secondly, based on policy documents and literatures, the index system of curriculum politics of safety discipline was constructed, including 4 primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 30 tertiary indicators. Then, the questionnaire was applied in practice to several universities offering safety disciplines. From the overall perspective, the current level of curriculum politics construction is not good enough with an overall evaluation score of 3.020, the system guarantee is weak with a single score of 2.604. There is an imbalance in resource allocation, with significant differences. From a multi-dimensional perspective, the teaching ability of curriculum politics in general undergraduate institutions is lacking compared with that in "Double First-Class" universities. The teachers of compulsory courses have a shortage of divergent thinking in curriculum politics compared with those of elective courses. The systemic system of science and technology courses is difficult to build compared with that of humanities and social sciences.

    Cross-level influence of safety climate on safety behavior from group perspective
    WANG Dan, HE Yang
    2022, 32(12):  25-31.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2365
    Asbtract ( 295 )   HTML ( 10)   PDF (1599KB) ( 215 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to effectively promote construction workers' safety behavior and improve safety management level of the construction industry, based on social exchange theory and social cognition theory, a cross-level theoretical model of safety climate affecting individual safety behavior was constructed, and the cross-level mederating effect of group psychological capital and the cross-level moderating effect of group trust were tested. The data were collected by questionnaire survey. The survey subject were 448 construction workers (including team leaders and team members) in 68 construction teams. HLM method was used for empirical research. The results show that the safety climate of group layer is significantly and positively correlated with construction workers' safety behavior. Group psychological capital has a significant cross-level partial mediating effect between safety climate and construction worker's safety behavior. Group trust positively regulates the relationship between group psychological capital and construction workers' safety behavior. The safety climate of group level influences construction workers' safety behavior directly or indirectly through group psychological capital, and group trust can promote the process.

    Connotation and moel of precise safety & security management from a safety & security information perspective
    WANG Bing, YUN Miaoting, LIU Qiong
    2022, 32(12):  32-37.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1794
    Asbtract ( 274 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (1737KB) ( 193 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to clarify the basic problems of precise safety & security management so as to enrich the theory of precise safety & security management, this research was carried out to study the basic theoretical issues of precise safety & security management from a safety & security information perspective. Firstly, from a safety & security information perspective, the definition of precise safety & security management was proposed, and the conceptual framework of precise safety & security management was constructed. Then, the connotation (including the characteristics, contents and functions) of precise safety & security management was analyzed. Finally, a model for precise safety & security management based on safety & security information was built and explained. The results show that, from a perspective of safety & security information, precise safety & security management is the activity of obtaining safety & security intelligence by collecting, analyzing and processing safety & security information and using safety & security intelligence to identify, manage and control safety & security risks. Its main purpose is to improve the precision, accuracy and validity of safety management work. Meanwhile, a model for precision safety & security management includes four major parts, namely, safety & security monitoring and sensing, safety & security data storage, safety & security information service, and safety & security intelligence application.

    Human error risk analysis based on foreign unsafe events in air traffic management
    YANG Yue, MA Bokai, CAO Yuxuan
    2022, 32(12):  38-45.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2739
    Asbtract ( 347 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (5389KB) ( 322 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Taking the investigation reports of foreign unsafe events in ATM in the past 20 years as data samples, the risk factors leading to human errors of controllers were studied. Based on the method of cognitive error backtracking analysis (TRACEr), the types and root causes of controller errors were divided into four cognitive levels: perception, memory, planning decision and response execution. The data mining method based on RST and the reverse reasoning method of BN were used to calculate the error risk representation value of each cognitive field. The results show that vigilance failure, information processing fault, environmental interference and unclear information transmission were the high-risk factors of unsafe events. The root causes of visual perception errors such as boundary vision limitation, visual recognition error, expectation tendency and unglobalized attention are the main influencing factors in the ground unsafe events. The root causes of memory impairment, insufficient learning, risk identification failure, and negative effects, account for the main influence in air insecurity incidents. The visual perception error and information transmission error obtained by RST are the main human error types. In the conclusion of BN analysis, judgment error is the most important human error next to visual perception error.

    Intellectual structure and evolution trend of human error and human reliability in complex industrial systems
    ZHANG Yan, CHEN Xingbang, LI Ming, WU Song, TONG Ruipeng
    2022, 32(12):  46-52.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0509
    Asbtract ( 343 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (4972KB) ( 310 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to effectively control and reduce human error and improve human reliability in complex industrial systems, 581 related articles and their 15 722 references were collected from the Web of Science (WOS) database, and the main research teams, knowledge bases and frontier hotspots were explored by using the methods of authors' cooperative network, document co-citation and burst detection. The results show that the contributors mainly come from Korea, China and America, and mainly focus on industrial fields such as nuclear power, navigation and aviation. Human error and human reliability research have experienced the knowledge evolution from qualitative research (e.g., "emergency operating procedures" and "variability of procedure progression") to quantitative research (e.g., "simulation data" and HRA). Moreover, the research frontier and hot topics are mainly related to the “dependence assessment” and the “human error data”. Through further in-depth analysis, it is found that human error research mainly analyzed the human error mechanism under the human-machine interaction, and the improvement of the HRA method, identification of performance influencing factors and the human error probability assessment are included in the HRA research.

    Named entity recognition of HSE inspection minutes based on data enhancement
    XIA Zhanjie, ZHANG Beike, GAO Dong
    2022, 32(12):  53-62.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2727
    Asbtract ( 284 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (9124KB) ( 76 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to solve the problems faced by deep learning model in text mining of safety inspection minutes, such as small data set size, uneven distribution of sample data and poor effect of NER, a new data enhancement method for NER was proposed. First of all, the named entities in the data set were separated and the same kind of named entities were replaced randomly, which could not only avoid the damage of data enhancement technology to the information of named entities, but also make the distribution of named entities more uniform. Then, by optimizing the noise data and scale parameters of other parts, the effect of NER was further improved. Finally, the separated data was automatically labeled and recombined to avoid the disadvantage of manually marking a large amount of data. The results show that this method can quickly solve the problems such as the small amount of data and the uneven distribution of named entities in the dataset. Compared with the latest AEDA (An Easier Data Augmentation) method, this method achieves better recognition results on data sets such as HSE inspection minutes, and improves the comprehensive evaluation index of the model on one-fold expanded data from 92.83% to 97.23%. At the same time, the spatial distribution and strong association rules of safety hazards in construction process can be obtained.

    Safety engineering technolongy
    Research on pilots' flight operation style based on QAR data
    SUN Ruishan, LIU Yinfu
    2022, 32(12):  63-69.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1169
    Asbtract ( 366 )   HTML ( 15)   PDF (3555KB) ( 223 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to reduce or avoid the occurrence of unsafe events caused by pilot operation and ensure the safety of civil aviation flight operation, the overall orientation and pilot operating style during flight operation were studied in depth. Based on QAR data of a B737-800 fleet, firstly, the characteristic parameters of the pilot's operation style in multiple flight phases were extracted to build a data set. Then, GMM clustering method was used to classify the data sets. Finally, the analysis of variance was used to analyze the aircraft status under the influence of different operating styles. The results show that the pilots' operation styles can be divided into three distinct categories: radical, ordinary and conservative. The flight operations of pilots with the same operating style show similar characteristics as a whole. There are significant differences in aircraft flight status under the control of pilots with different operation styles. QAR data can be used to accurately judge the operation style of the pilots in the fleet, identify the overall characteristics of the pilots' operation, and evaluate the operational risks of pilots with different operation styles in flight practice, so as to further help standardize the pilot's operation behavior and improve the pilot's operation ability.

    Control technology and application of surrounding rock of deep and shallow hole combined blasting roof-cutting retaining roadway
    HOU Junling, ZHAO Neng, LI Junbin, DONG Xianzhong, YU Zhonglin, FAN Tongqing
    2022, 32(12):  70-78.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1877
    Asbtract ( 255 )   HTML ( 5)   PDF (13674KB) ( 68 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to solve the stability problem of surrounding rock after roof cutting and retaining roadway in deep sandstone direct-covered working face of Huainan mining area, the technical principle of deep and shallow hole combined blasting roof cutting and retaining roadway was firstly analyzed. The deep hole pre-splitting blasting technology was used to make the main roof break and collapse, and the energy-gathering blasting technology was used to directionally cut the direct roof. Then, according to the theoretical analysis, the scheme of deep and shallow hole combined blasting was determined, and the stress distribution characteristics of three different roof cutting working faces of uncut roof, cut direct roof and deep and shallow hole combined blasting were analyzed by numerical simulation method. Finally, the field study was carried out in 1452 (1) sandstone working face of Dingji mine. The research shows that the surrounding rock control technology of deep-shallow hole combined blasting roof cutting entry retaining can better block the stress transfer between overburden strata and improve the stress environment of entry retaining roof. In the advancing direction of the working face, the periodic weighting step is reduced, and the weighting strength is gentle. In the retaining roadway, the length of the hanging roof above the retaining roadway is reduced to form a short wall beam, which effectively reduces the stress of the surrounding rock of the retaining roadway and better controls the deformation of the surrounding rock.

    Study on CO distribution and diffusion in spiral construction tunnel on plateau
    LIU Jie, ZHOU Haowen, WANG Wanqing, ZHANG Yue, ZHAO Huyun
    2022, 32(12):  79-87.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0110
    Asbtract ( 224 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (5658KB) ( 170 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to explore the air flow field distribution and CO migration characteristics in a spiral construction tunnel on the plateau and improve the ambient air quality of the excavation face in the construction tunnel, Ansys Fluent was used for fluid simulation based on fluid governing equations and component transport models. The characteristics of the airflow field and CO distribution under multiple working conditions were simulated by taking the air speed of supply wind and the distance between the excavation face and air duct as the influencing factors, and a multiple linear regression model was established for the calculation of CO mass concentration in the spiral construction tunnel on the plateau. The results show that the average wind speed of the cross-section first increases and then decreases in front of the air duct, and gradually becomes stable behind the air duct along the tunnel exit direction. When the distance between the excavation face and the air duct exceeds 30 m, the two regions of the jet end and the front of the air duct mouth are easy to form an obvious vortex. The CO concentration presents two distribution characteristics: "low in the middle, high on both sides" and "low on the left and high on the right, low on the top and high on the bottom" with the influence of wind speed and distance. The CO mass concentration at different times and sections in the tunnel can be calculated by multiple linear regression model.

    Analysis on characteristics and evolution trend of coal mine accidents in our country during "13th five-year" plan period
    FU Ensan, BAI Runcai, LIU Guangwei, ZHAO Hao, YANG Chuanda
    2022, 32(12):  88-94.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0076
    Asbtract ( 378 )   HTML ( 13)   PDF (1841KB) ( 348 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to make an overall macro-level assessment of accident risks in all coal-producing provinces of China, and to analyze the characteristics of accident changes, and to collect data on domestic coal mine accidents during the period of "13th five-year", from the aspects of coal mine accident type, casualty, time, space and region, this paper analyzes the change of whole coal mine safety situation by mathematical statistics, extension theory and other mathematical methods. The results show that roof accident takes the place of gas accidents as the main accident type, and the accident area is shifting from south to north. The proportion of accidents in state-owned coal mines increased, and more larger size accidents happened in the township coal mine. There are many coal mines, a high death rate of one million tons and complicated geological conditions in the provinces with frequent accidents. Reform of mining institutions and strengthening the main responsibility of enterprises for production safety plays an active role in promoting mine safety production. The change in coal mine accident types, and the establishment of domestic disaster management investment, standard-setting and risk monitoring and early-warning system of coal mine safety production, and the elimination of small and backward coal mines have a strongly coupled correlation. Based on the analysis of extension theory, the overall risk level of coal mine accidents in the early period of the "13th five-year" is three, by the end of the"13th five-year", the overall coal mine accident risk level is two, the overall safety situation tends to be good.

    Research on migration law of tailings dam breach runout mud flow considering fine terrains
    WANG Kun, ZHANG Junyang, YANG Xiuzhi, ZANG Chuanwei, ZHU Liyi, ZHANG Zheng
    2022, 32(12):  95-101.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1163
    Asbtract ( 171 )   HTML ( 5)   PDF (20347KB) ( 82 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to carry out the risk assessment of tailings pond more scientifically and further improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction, the migration law of tailings dam breach runout mud flow on downstream fine terrains was studied. The meshless Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was introduced. UAV remote sensing technology was used to obtain high-resolution terrains. A case study of a certain tailings pond in East China was carried out. The flow state and key indicators of the runout mud flow were analyzed. The results show that: the dam toe is submerged in 15 s after the dam breach. The flow rushes to the downstream valley with a high velocity of over 12 m/s. The peak velocity reaches 15 m/s due to the influence of valley topography. The modelling results are dominated by downstream terrains. The tailings mud flow gathers quickly through the downstream valley at a high velocity. Eventually a significant impact range is observed. The indicators of flow velocity, impact force and submerged depth indicate that the downstream seedling nursery and factory plant are exposed to high risks of potential dam breach. UAV remote sensing technology can realize the fine terrains data acquisition of tailings pond and its downstream area, with the advantages of high resolution, great timeliness and automation. The proposed tailings dam breach SPH modelling method considering fine terrains is then proved feasible and can be further popularized.

    Safety risk assessment for port quay crane installation construction
    JI Keke, LI Zhengzhong, LIU Shuang, ZHANG Xin, WANG Guangyan, WANG Xuting
    2022, 32(12):  102-109.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2769
    Asbtract ( 285 )   HTML ( 9)   PDF (10150KB) ( 189 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to improve the safety of port quayside bridge construction, the risk level of quayside bridge installation was determined by identifying the risk factors of quay crane installation. With the safety risk assessment of quay crane installation as the top goal, a risk assessment model based on (C-AHP) was proposed. Firstly, a quay crane installation assessment index system from 4 aspects, human, machine, environment and management, was constructed. The concept of the cloud model was introduced to modify the traditional AHP method scalar theory. The randomness, fuzziness and dispersion of the system were represented by 3 numerical features, expectation, entropy and super entropy, so as to determine the relative weights of each index and the cloud numerical features of risk values. The randomness and fuzziness of each index were quantified by the cloud model, and the overall evaluation results were obtained. Finally, an example analysis was carried out based on the installation of a quay crane at a container terminal in Tianjin port. The results show that the equipment factor has the highest degree of influence on the safety risk of quay crane installation construction, followed by environmental factors, management factors and personnel factors. The overall risk value for the construction safety of the quay crane installation is 47.769, with a risk level of II, which is within the acceptable guideline range and in line with the actual assessment results.

    Multi-train regional resource negotiation driven by Raft consensus mechanism
    HUANG Susu, WEN Tao, LI Kun, WANG Lin, FENG Haonan, CAI Baigen
    2022, 32(12):  110-117.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2590
    Asbtract ( 258 )   HTML ( 9)   PDF (4169KB) ( 684 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to further improve the operation efficiency of the signal system, a decentralized train line resource negotiation method based on TACS was proposed. From the perspective of system structure, the network modularity of the centralized system and decentralized system was compared. It was proved that the decentralized system structure had high stability and was more suitable for system network structure of multi-agent system cooperative control. Based on Raft consensus mechanism in blockchain technology, the principle of train node state transition of the decentralized TACS system was designed to descreibe two specific scenarios of campaign leader train and leader train handover. The performance test was carried out by means of virtual machine and port mapping, and the relationship between campaign success probability, campaign cycle and timeout critical value was summarized. Combined with the test results and industry standards, the suggestion of setting the vehicle communication timeout critical value in TACS in 50-100 ms was given. The results show that this multi-train resource negotiation driven by Raft consensus mechanism can improve the operation efficiency of train control system and reduce the time dependence on communication system.

    Prediction of coal spontaneous combustion period based on machine learning
    ZHANG Lidong, SONG Zeyang, LUO Zhenmin, ZHAO Shanshan
    2022, 32(12):  118-124.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0134
    Asbtract ( 308 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (2087KB) ( 216 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to predict the spontaneous combustion period of coal quickly and accurately, firstly, based on the large-scale coal spontaneous combustion low-temperature oxidation test and literature data, the data was composed, and considering the many influencing factors of coal spontaneous combustion and the complex nonlinear relationship with the combustion period, the data set including the spontaneous combustion period of coal, ambient temperature, coal calorific value, moisture and other parameters was established. Secondly, machine learning models such as MLP and RF are used to establish a coal spontaneous combustion period prediction model to characterize the influence of internal and external factors on the combustion period. At the same time, in order to enhance the fitting ability and generalization ability of the model, feature engineering is used to study the correlation of feature variable to filter the input features of the model. Then, the gridsearch method is used to optimize the model hyperparameters to improve the prediction ability of the model. Finally, the learning curve method is used to evaluate the model state to prevent overfitting. The results show that both RF and MLP models can predict cola spontaneous combustion period, and the generalization capability of the RF model is higher. The mean absolute error (MAE) predicted by the RF and MLP models were 9.34 days and 12.10 days, respectively, indicating that the machine learning model can consider the complex effects of multiple internal and external factors.

    Public safety
    Risk assessment of urban gas accident unsafe behavior
    ZHANG Xiaoliang, LIANG Fanjie, XU Surui
    2022, 32(12):  125-132.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0586
    Asbtract ( 390 )   HTML ( 14)   PDF (2233KB) ( 541 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to prevent the occurrence of urban gas accidents, unsafe acts of 90 urban gas fatal accidents were firstly analyzed through the code of unsafe act factors of 24Model, and classification and code for hazardous and harmful factors in production process. Then, based on the modified probability of unsafe acts and accident risk index, the behavioral risk assessment model of urban gas accidents was constructed and optimized. Finally, the Monte Carlo method was used to study behavioral risk consequence values of four types of parties relating to urban gas accident, and sensitivity analysis was used to obtain the influence degree of unsafe acts of each type of related party on behavioral risk. The results shows that the behavior risk of gas operators is the highest, followed by gas users and gas engineering participants. The risk of other third party units is the lowest. In addition, three kinds of unsafe acts have great impacts on the risk of urban gas accident behavior, including "insufficient implementation of accident hidden danger investigation and rectification", "non-compliant use of gas appliances or facilities" and "illegal implementation of occupational safety and health management or technical services".

    Fire smoke characteristics and collaborative control system in subway stations
    WANG Kai, HU Jingwei, YANG Tao, CAI Weiyao, WANG Jianhua, CHEN Ruiding
    2022, 32(12):  133-140.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2376
    Asbtract ( 289 )   HTML ( 6)   PDF (10324KB) ( 67 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to avoid the casualties caused by subway fires, the idea of active disaster relief with coordinated and centralized control of multiple facilities such as ventilation, smoke exhaust, smoke blocking and isolation was proposed. Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) was used to model the conventional and interchange metro stations. The scenario of a fire in the middle of the station platform was simulated. When smoke exhaust fans and smoke retaining walls were partially and fully opened, the smoke flow control effect of key parts were compared and analyzed. The fractional effective dose (FED) model was used to analyze the fatality factors of personnel. The subway normal ventilation and fire smoke flow cooperative centralized control system were proposed. The results show: for a fire in the middle of a conventional subway station, smoke spreads to the middle stairway entrance after 120 s and fills the entire platform level at 180 s under normal ventilation. With all smoke extraction facilities turned on and smoke barrier walls closed, fire smoke can be effectively contained in the middle and right side of the platform. For interchange subway stations, smoke contaminates all platform and concourse areas at 300 s under normal ventilation. The available evacuation times for the middle and left stairways are 130 and 185 s respectively. After opening all smoke extraction facilities and closing the smoke retaining walls, a small amount of smoke flow from the lower platform spreads to the upper platform, but does not spread to the station hall. The available evacuation time of the two staircases increased to 150 and 230 s respectively. Visibility at the stairway entrance is a key factor affecting the escape of people, while the lethal factor of fire is CO concentration.

    Invulnerability analysis of urban rail transit network based on weighted passenger flow
    MA Min, HU Dawei, LIU Jie, MA Zhuanglin
    2022, 32(12):  141-149.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0203
    Asbtract ( 227 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (2294KB) ( 246 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to accurately assess the impact of urban rail transit station failure on network structure and service quality, a passenger flow weighted topological structure model of the urban rail transit network was constructed using both the Space L method and station passenger flow at first. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation index of invulnerability was proposed considering the network topology and service quality. The invulnerability of random and intentional attacks on urban rail transit networks was analyzed under three load distribution strategies:degree centrality distribution, betweenness centrality distribution, and residual capacity distribution. Finally, the Xi'an rail transit network in 2021 was taken as an example for verification and analysis. The results show that stations with larger passenger flow or connecting the central group and branch of the network are the key urban rail transit network stations. The damage degree on urban rail transit networks based on the maximum intensity of intentional attack is more serious than other attack strategies with increasing the number of continuous attacks. Under three intentional attacks, including the maximum degree, maximum betweenness, and maximum intensity, the minimum threshold of capacity adjustment coefficient and the maximum threshold of passenger transfer rate are 0.5 and 0.4, respectively, when the invulnerability performance of networks is optimal.

    Accident risk prediction of intelligent vehicle takeover process at urban roundabout
    LIU Qingchao, XU Tianyu, XIONG Xiaoxia, ZHAO Jingya, CAI Yingfeng
    2022, 32(12):  150-157.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2650
    Asbtract ( 283 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (4877KB) ( 495 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Aiming at the accident risk in the process of intelligent vehicle takeover at the urban roundabout, a prediction model of intelligent vehicle accident risk at the roundabout was proposed to reduce the accident rate. Based on the urban traffic simulation software simulation of urban mobility (SUMO), the scene of urban roundabout was established, and the accident data of intelligent driving vehicle takeover process was analyzed to reveal the impact mechanism of road area and takeover time(ToT) on the accident risk of intelligent vehicle takeover process. CatBoost was used to model the accident risk, and the sensitivity analysis and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used as evaluation indicators to compare the prediction performance with Linear Regression and XGBoost models. The results show that the impact of speed on the accident is more than 47%. The accident rate in the entrance lane of the intersection is the highest. The accident rate of the left lane of the entrance is 8.63% higher than that of the right lane on average. The influence of (ToT) on car accident rate at roundabouts is about 8.5%, and the proportion of road curvature and radius factors in the loop area on accident factors is less than 5%. The roundabout segment hardly affects the autonomous vehicle collision during the vehicle takeover process. The prediction accuracy of the CatBoost model is higher than that of linear regression and XGBoost.

    Key station identification of urban rail transit based on network redundancy
    CUI Xin, LU Qingchang, LI Jianyu
    2022, 32(12):  158-164.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0274
    Asbtract ( 246 )   HTML ( 9)   PDF (4455KB) ( 313 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to clarify the importance of different stations in urban rail transit network, a method of identifying key stations based on network redundancy was proposed. Topological redundancy and functional redundancy were defined from the perspectives of network topology and traffic functional characteristics. And taking Shanghai metro network as an example, key stations were identified. The research results show that the failure of a single important station identified based on network topological redundancy will cause 13.15% of the traffic tralvel(origin-destination, OD) in the network to be disconnected. After the failure of a single key station identified based on network functional redundancy, up to 10.1% of passengers in the network can not complete their travel through the rail transit network. For the ring-shaped radial rail transit network, the key stations identified based on network redundancy are mainly distributed in the branches radiated outward from the ring line and adjacent ring lines. In addition, the impact on rail transit network after multiple stations fail simultaneously depends not only on the importance of each station, but also on the spatial location distribution of each station in the rail transit network.

    Occupational health
    Movement simulation of hematite ore dust in human respiratory tract
    LIAO Huimin, SU Hong, ZHU Yilong, LI Ming
    2022, 32(12):  165-173.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1095
    Asbtract ( 172 )   HTML ( 6)   PDF (7403KB) ( 66 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to reveal the movement rule of hematite mine dust in the human respiratory tract, a three-dimensional model of oral and bronchial human body complete respiratory tract was established by ANSYS software. Using the ore dust sample of a open pit hematite as the research object, this study would provide theoretical basis for occupational protection of iron ore dust. The movement and deposition rule of hematite ore dust in the respiratory tract of workers with different labor intensity was simulated by discrete phase model. The results show that dust deposition is affected by the particle size of dust and the labor intensity. The deposition rate of ore dust with particle size greater than 1 μm increases with the increase of particle size and labor intensity. The mineral dust above 5.21 μm deposits in respiratory tract, and the deposition rate of pharynx is more than 85%. The mineral dust mainly deposits at the back of throat and at the trachea vortex. The greater the labor intensity, the greater the deposition at the back of throat, and the lower the deposition rate in the trachea. With the increase of particle size, the deposition rate of ore dust in the trachea first increases and then decreases. The escape positions are mainly the bronchus of the lateral lower part of the left lower lobe and the bronchus of the lateral lower part of the right lower lobe.

    Experimental of influence of clothing materials on cooling effect of mine ventilation clothing
    YOU Bo, LIU Jianfeng, ZHANG Yixin, SHI Shiliang, LIU Heqing, LU Yi
    2022, 32(12):  174-180.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0043
    Asbtract ( 165 )   HTML ( 4)   PDF (18781KB) ( 74 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to explore the influence characteristics of clothing materials on the cooling effect of mine ventilation clothing, human skin temperature, micro-environment temperature and micro-environment humidity were selected as the evaluation indexes of the cooling effect. Based on the artificial environment test chamber and experimental measuring instruments, the experimental data were collected and analyzed by real-life training experiments under different labor intensities and different ventilation conditions. The cooling effects of three kinds of clothing materials were compared, and the micro-environment climate between the human body and clothing was analyzed. The results show that the cooling effect of three kinds of mine ventilation clothing is modal fiber type > pure cotton type > silica gel type, and the average cooling range is about 2, 1.5 and 1 ℃. The micro-environment temperature and humidity are significantly reduced. The humidity in the micro-environment is pure cotton type > modal fiber type > silicone type, and the temperature in the micro-environment is modal fiber type < pure cotton type < silicone type.

    A four-level prevention framework for occupational pneumoconiosis in mines
    YANG Xuesong, WANG qian, WANG Yuhao, ZHAO Xu, TONG Ruipeng
    2022, 32(12):  181-187.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.0383
    Asbtract ( 259 )   HTML ( 5)   PDF (1928KB) ( 241 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    To make the problem that plagues the development of occupational health in China with the high incidence of mining pneumoconiosis, this study explored a set of effective prevention models for mining pneumoconiosis. Based on GT, interview data from 24 experts and text extracted from 20 documents were processed using open coding and selective coding under the Grounded Paradigm. This study formed 4 core categories, and established a four-level comprehensive prevention theoretical model of mine pneumoconiosis in the "1+3" pattern. According to outcomes of open coding and selective coding, the distribution characteristics and frequency of occurrence of each code were statistically analyzed. The results show that zero-level prevention (laws and regulations, social functions, government functions) provides top-level design; primary prevention (engineering technology management, health management organizational behavior, individual health self-management) is a prerequisite, secondary prevention (employee health management, workplace occupational health evaluation) plays a facilitating role, and tertiary prevention (social participation, post-illness self-management, medical protection, rights and interests protection) is the last line of defense. The four core categories form four-level prevention model for occupational pneumoconiosis, providing a guiding framework for developing strategies to prevent occupational pneumoconiosis in mines.

    Research on optimization of medical waste recycling system under robust perceived risk
    LIU Zihao, ZHAO Jiahong
    2022, 32(12):  188-194.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.1910
    Asbtract ( 212 )   HTML ( 5)   PDF (1944KB) ( 224 )  
    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to improve the safety of medical waste recycling during pandemics, optimizing facility location, transportation routes and flow allocation were simultaneously considered. Firstly, according to the environmental transmission characteristics of infectious viruses, the nonlinear three-dimensional robust model was formulated for public perceived risks assessment. Secondly, with the minimization of total risk and cost, the robust scenario parameters of public perceived risk were designed, and the 0-1 mixed integer multi-objective nonlinear robust model was developed. And then, according to the characteristics of the proposed model's complexity, the two-phased solution procedure based on the “minimum envelope clustering-Generic algorithm” was also designed. Finally, several examples, including the real-life problem in Wuhan and several extended tests, were provided to demonstrate the workability of the model and algorithm. The computational results show that the proposed model and method provide stable performance under different conditions. The optimal plan with GAP of 0.86% could be obtained within 890 s. The new model and algorithm had strong parameter sensitivity and parameter sensitivity for the maximum capacity, fixed construction cost of the temporary transfer station, and traffic flow coefficient. Compared with the traditional model, the new model could provide an optimal plan with a reduction of 80.58% and 55.48% individually in total risk and average personal risk. The optimum results can be obtained by the proposed method with a reduction of 26.83% in total computational time. When solving larger scale optimization problems, it could increase the solution time by 22.25% to ensure the GAP value within 5%.