中国安全科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 31-37.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.006

• 安全工程技术科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

民用机场航站楼火灾人员疏散仿真研究

宋洋 副教授, 陈申高, 兰思洁, 杨堃   

  1. 中国民航大学 人文社会科学学院,天津 300300
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-23 修回日期:2018-07-10 出版日期:2018-08-28 发布日期:2020-11-25
  • 作者简介:宋洋(1977—),男,天津人,管理科学与工程专业博士,副教授,研究生导师,主要从事航站楼火灾与应急疏散方面的研究。E-mail:y-song@cauc.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基金资助(3122014C001);天津市科技计划项目(14ZLZLZF00078);天津市经济社会发展重大应急课题(TJZD17-044)。

Simulation study on fire evacuation from airport terminal

SONG Yang, CHEN Shengao, LAN Sijie, YANG Kun   

  1. College of Humanities and Social Science,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
  • Received:2018-05-23 Revised:2018-07-10 Online:2018-08-28 Published:2020-11-25

摘要: 为预防机场航站楼火灾事故,利用建筑信息模型(BIM),研究航站楼火灾事故中建筑布局和消防系统对烟气蔓延、人员疏散的影响。将BIM技术应用于航站楼火灾疏散管理中,利用PyroSim和Pathfinder软件对航站楼消防运行、人员安全进行量化仿真模拟,分析不同条件下烟雾、热量和人员疏散过程变化情况。结果表明:在现有楼内建筑布局下,航站楼在人流高峰期一旦发生火灾,且机械排烟系统未能及时启动时,热辐射对人员疏散不会产生明显影响,但随着烟气高度急剧下降,会对人员安全造成明显威胁。扩大登机口前空地面积、移除不必要的室内设施、使消防系统与登机口联动,是缩短人员疏散耗时的重要举措。

关键词: 航站楼, 建筑信息模型(BIM), Pyro Sim, Pathfinder, 仿真模拟, 烟气

Abstract: For the sake of preventing fire accidents in an airport terminal building,BIM was employed to evaluate the influences of the building layout and fire extinguishing system on the fire smoke spread and personnel evacuation.BIM was applied in the terminal fire evacuation management,the operation of terminal fire-fighting system and safety of evacuees were simulated quantitatively by using two kinds of software of PyroSim and Pathfinder.Changes in smoke,heat and evacuation process were analyzed.It turns out that for the present building layout,the thermal radiation of a fire happening in the peak flow period has not a significant influence on the evacuation process even if the smoke extracting system fails to start in time,that a sudden decrease in the height of smoke is a dangerous threat to the evacuees,and that the expansion of the open space area in front of the boarding gate,removal of unnecessary indoor facilities and promotion of the linkage between fire-fighting system and boarding gate are helpful to shortening the time of evacuation.

Key words: terminal, building information modeling(BIM), PyroSim, Pathfinder, simulation, smoke

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