基于OODA循环的应急物资协作网络关键主体识别

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.0633

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为识别物资保障协作体系中的关键主体,提高应急组织效率,在考虑多元社会主体参与的基础上,利用包以德(OODA)循环理论构建应急物资保障协作框架;根据主体在协作环形成以及协作效能发挥中的贡献度,建立关键主体的识别方法;以新冠肺炎疫情的阶段性发展为实证案例,验证方法的有效性。研究结果表明:案例协作网络中的3个关键主体为信息主体S₃、信息主体S₅及执行主体I₁₈,超过70%的协作环结构较为复杂。信息主体的数量最少但平均协作效能最高,执行主体对协作环规模扩大有重要作用,决策主体则在协作效能发挥中优势明显。任务传递过程中3类协作关系的效能分布均衡;而在任务协同过程的3类协作关系中,执行配合的关系数量最多且发挥效能最高。

关键词: 包以德(OODA)循环, 应急物资, 协作网络, 主体识别, 物资保障

Abstract:

In order to identify the key subjects in the material support collaboration system and improve the efficiency of emergency organization, on the basis of considering the participation of multiple social subjects, the OODA cycle theory was used to construct the emergency material support collaboration framework. According to the contribution of the subject in the formation of the collaboration ring and the performance of the collaboration, the identific ation method of the key subject was established. The phased development of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic was taken as an empirical case to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the three key subjects in the case collaborative network are the information subject S₃, the information subject S₅ and the execution subject I₁₈. More than 70% of the collaborstion ring structures are complex. The amount of information subjects is the least, but the average collaboration efficiency is the highest. The executive subjects have an important role in the expansion of the collaboration ring, and the decision-making subject has obvious advantages in the collaboration efficiency. The efficiency distribution of the three types of collaborative relationships in the task delivery process is balanced, among the three types of collaborative relationships in the task collaboration process, the number of execution relationships is the largest and the efficiency is the highest.

Key words: observation,orientation,decision,action(OODA)cycle, emergency supply, collaborative network, subject identification, material support

王健, 连晨希, 刘纪达. 基于OODA循环的应急物资协作网络关键主体识别[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(3): 181-187.

WANG Jian, LIAN Chenxi, LIU Jida. Identification of key subjects in emergency material collaboration network based on OODA cycle[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(3): 181-187.

图/表 8

图1

表1

基于OODA循环的物资保障应急协作主体及关系

要素	名称		内涵描述
主体	受灾主体T		意外遭受到自然、公共安全、卫生等方面的突发事件,亟需应急物资的有限区域或者单位,可以为区域、组织甚至是个体。可能的主体有社区、村庄等
	决策主体D		按照我国“一案三制”及其他应急物资处置相关规定,突发事件发生后成立的临时高层统筹指挥性组织、区域性的常设统筹性部门机构以及政府部门等。可能的主体包括指挥机构、各级政府部门等
	执行主体I		承担与物资生产、运输和配送等任务直接相关的组织。可能的主体包括运输企业、生产企业等
	信息主体S		能够参与应急及物资相关信息采集、整合以及监测和预警等工作的组织。可能的主体包括媒体、基础管理单位、行业协会等
关系	任务传递	观察过程(T→S)	信息主体对受灾主体进行的全面监测、灾害状态和物资保障需求的信息采集、物资匮乏预警及其他有关信息的收集和处理过程
		决策过程(S→D)	应急物资的统筹管理主体利用信息主体提供的多方需求、预警以及供应能力等信息,根据实际灾害形态和需求迫切性迅速做出基本性、方向性安排部署的过程
		指挥过程(D→I)	主管或直接管理部门接受到上级应急指示后,动员可参与应急物资生产、运输以及配送等任务的主体及对物资进行直接集散指挥的过程
		执行过程(I→T)	将多源多类的物资直接分配并交付至受灾主体的过程
		信息共享(S→S)	在应急物资需求信息和损耗信息的采集和监测阶段,多个信息主体之间的信息共享与合作过程
	任务协同	信息共享(S→S)	在应急物资需求信息和损耗信息的采集和监测阶段,多个信息主体之间的信息共享与合作过程
		决策协调(D→D)	信息接收后根据物资需求在各部门联合沟通后进行的联合决策及部门协调行动过程
		执行配合(I→I)	多主体在完成应急物资的生产、运输以及配送等任务中的配合过程

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 20

[1]	徐淑华, 陈建新, 祁慧. 基层网格化应急治理:主要问题及改进路径[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(1): 8-17. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.01.002
	XU Shuhua, CHEN Jianxin, QI Hui. Grassroots grid emergency governance: main challenges and improvement paths[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(1): 8-17. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.01.002
[2]	MENG Yanping. The optimization and coordination of multi-layer recruitment network for social emergency resources[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2019, 130: 50-61. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2019.02.019
[3]	KAPUCU N, GARAYEV V. Designing, managing, and sustaining functionally collaborative emergency management networks[J]. The American Review of Public Administration, 2013, 43(3): 312-330. doi: 10.1177/0275074012444719
[4]	郭雪松, 赵慧增. 突发公共卫生事件应急预案的组织间网络结构研究[J]. 暨南学报:哲学社会科学版, 2021, 43(1): 64-79.
	GUO Xuesong, ZHAO Huizeng. Interorganizational network structure of public health emergency plan[J]. Ji'nan Journal :Philosophy and Social Sciences, 2021, 43(1): 64-79.
[5]	VON LUBITZ D K J E, BEAKLEY J E, PATRICELLI F. 'All hazards approach' to disaster management: the role of information and knowledge management, Boyd's OODA Loop, and network-centricity[J]. Disasters, 2008, 32(4): 561-585. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01055.x pmid: 18479475
[6]	HUANG Yanyan. Modeling and simulation method of the emergency response systems based on OODA[J]. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2015, 89: 527-540. doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2015.08.020
[7]	刘亮, 陈以增, 韩传峰, 等. 国家应急管理工作组合作网络的社会网络分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2015, 25(3): 152-158.
	LIU Liang, CHEN Yizeng, HAN Chuanfeng, et al. Social network analysis of collaboration network of national emergency management working groups[J] China Safety Science Journal, 2015, 25(3): 152-158.
[8]	BISRI M B F. Inter-organizational network in Indonesia during disasters: examples and research agenda on disaster management[J]. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2017, 56(1): DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/56/1/012023. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/56/1/012023
[9]	BROOKS J M, BODEAU D, FEDOROWICZ J. Network management in emergency response[J]. Administration & Society, 2013, 45(8): 911-948.
[10]	TANG Pan, CHEN Haojia, SHAO Shiqi. Examining the intergovernmental and interorganizational network of responding to major accidents for improving the emergency management system in China[J]. Complexity, 2018, 2018: 1-16.
[11]	刘纪达, 麦强. 自然灾害应急协同:以议事协调机构设立为视角的网络分析[J]. 公共管理与政策评论, 2021, 10(3): 54-64.
	LIU Jida, MAI Qiang. Natural disaster emergency collective response: a network analysis from the establishment of the deliberation and coordination agencies[J]. Public administration and Policy Review, 2021, 10(3): 54-64.
[12]	刘纪达, 安实, 王健, 等. 一体化应急应战协作网络结构与演进:以自然灾害和事故灾难事件为例[J]. 北京理工大学学报:社会科学版, 2020, 22(6): 96-106.
	LIU Jida, AN Shi, WANG Jian, et al. Structure and evolution of integrated emergency-defense cooperation network: taking natural disasters and accidents as examples[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology :Social Science Edition, 2020, 22(6): 96-106.
[13]	KAPUCU N, DEMIROZ F. Measuring performance for collaborative public management using network analysis methods and tools[J]. Public Performance & Management Review, 2011, 34(4): 549-579.
[14]	JUNG K, SONG Minsun, PARK H J. The dynamics of an interorganizational emergency management network: interdependent and independent risk hypotheses[J]. Public Administration Review, 2018, 79(2): 225-235. doi: 10.1111/puar.2019.79.issue-2
[15]	ZHANG Haibo, ZHANG Xiaosu, COMFORT L, et al. The emergence of an adaptive response network: the April 20, 2013 Lushan, China Earthquake[J]. Safety Science, 2016, 90: 14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.11.012
[16]	JUNG K, SONG Minsun. Linking emergency management networks to disaster resilience: bonding and bridging strategy in hierarchical or horizontal collaboration networks[J]. Quality & Quantity, 2015, 49(4): 1465-1483.
[17]	MCALLISTER R R J, ROBINSON C J, MACLEAN K, et al. From local to central: a network analysis of who manages plant pest and disease outbreaks across scales[J]. Ecology and Society, 2015, 20(1):DOI: 10.5751/ES-07469-200167. doi: 10.5751/ES-07469-200167
[18]	HOSSAIN L, HAMRA J, WIGAND R T, et al. Exponential random graph modeling of emergency collaboration networks[J]. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2015, 77: 68-79. doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2014.12.029
[19]	赵丹玲, 谭跃进, 李际超, 等. 基于作战环的武器装备体系贡献度评估[J]. 系统工程与电子技术. 2017, 39(10): 2239-2247.
	ZHAO Danling, TAN Yuejin, LI Jichao, et al. Armament system of systems contribution evaluation based on operation loop[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 39(10): 2239-2247.
[20]	罗承昆, 陈云翔, 王莉莉, 等. 基于作战环和改进信息熵的体系效能评估方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(1): 73-80.
	LUO Chengkun, CHEN Yunxiang, WANG Lili, et al. Effectiveness evaluation method of system-of-systems based on operation loop and improved information entropy[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(1): 73-80.