中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 223-230.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0627

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市安全风险特征及对风险管理的启示

张超1(), 翁文国2, 陈勇3, 代宝乾4, 秦挺鑫1,**()   

  1. 1 中国标准化研究院 公共安全标准化研究所,北京 100191
    2 清华大学 安全科学学院,北京 100084
    3 深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司,广东 深圳 518046
    4 北京市科学技术研究院 城市安全与环境科学研究所,北京 100054
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-12 修回日期:2023-11-19 出版日期:2024-01-28
  • 通讯作者:
    **秦挺鑫(1979—),男,重庆人,博士,研究员,主要从事公共安全标准化方面的研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张 超 (1983—),男,河北唐山人,博士,副研究员,主要从事公共安全标准化、城市安全风险管理技术与标准等方面的研究。E-mail:

    翁文国,教授

    陈勇,高级工程师

    代宝乾,研究员

    秦挺鑫,研究员

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(72274181); 国家自然科学基金重点项目资助(72034004); 中国标准化研究院院长基金资助(512020Y-7502)

Characteristics of urban public safety risk and its enlightenment for risk management

ZHANG Chao1(), WENG Wenguo2, CHEN Yong3, DAI Baoqian4, QIN Tingxin1,**()   

  1. 1 Sub-institute for Public Safety Standardization, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
    2 School of Safety Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    3 Shenzhen Urban Public Safety and Technology Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Guangdong 518046, China
    4 Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China
  • Received:2023-08-12 Revised:2023-11-19 Published:2024-01-28

摘要:

为提升城市安全风险管理的科学性、精准性、规范性,分析城市安全风险特征,提出对风险管理的启示。首先,分析风险的定义和内涵,建立城市安全风险的因果链模型,提出城市安全风险分类;然后,结合城市的静态和动态特征,分析4类城市安全风险的特征;最后,结合城市安全风险管理实践,提出通用性的及针对4类风险的城市安全风险管理启示。结果表明:城市安全风险表现为传统风险累积、新兴风险涌现、复杂风险加剧、极端风险频现的特征。应建立通用性的城市安全风险管理框架,以及具有针对性的风险评估和风险处置措施,并将其融入城市应急管理体系。

关键词: 城市安全风险, 风险管理, 传统风险, 新兴风险, 复杂风险, 极端风险

Abstract:

In order to establish a scientific, accurate and normative urban safety risk management system, this paper makes some proposals based on the characteristics of urban safety risk. First, the urban safety risk was classified into four types according to the causal chain model which was established based on the definition and connotation of risk. Then, the characteristics of these four types of risk were analyzed considering the relevant static and dynamic urban characteristics. Last, the general and specific urban safety risk management proposals were made considering the current practice. This research shows that the characteristics of urban safety risk include accumulation of conventional risk, emergency of emerging risk, intensification of complex risk, and frequent occurrence of extreme risk. Some measures should be implemented to enhance the urban safety risk management system. The general framework of urban safety risk management should be established, and the specific risk assessment process and risk treatment measures should be implemented. Further, they should be integrated into the regular emergency management system of a city.

Key words: urban safety risk, risk management, conventional risk, emerging risk, complex risk, extreme risk

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