竖井倾斜角度与环境压力对烟气吸穿的影响研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.08.1341

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为更好地设计高海拔地区隧道竖井排烟,利用数值模拟方法,计算分析环境压力以及竖井倾斜角度对隧道火灾烟气吸穿效应的影响。通过FDS软件计算得到不同工况温度场,引入吸穿高度并判断各工况吸穿程度;结合吸穿程度重新定义无量纲理查森Ri'数,并提出吸穿高度的理论计算模型,推导出发生吸穿的临界Ri'数(Ri_c')。结果表明:吸穿高度随角度的增加而增加,随环境压力的增大而升高;Ri'数随环境压力的降低而降低,随竖井倾角的增加而增大;在同一环境压力下,Ri_c'数随竖井倾斜角度的增加而降低,利用Ri'数与Ri_c'数的关系可判断是否发生完全吸穿效应。

关键词: 竖井倾斜角度, 环境压力, 吸穿效应, 吸穿高度, 隧道火灾

Abstract:

To better design the smoke exhaust system for tunnel shafts in high-altitude areas, numerical simulation methods were used to calculate and analyze the effects of environmental pressure and shaft inclination angle on the smoke plug-holing effect during tunnel fires. The temperature fields under different working conditions were obtained using FDS simulations. The plug-holing height was introduced to determine the degree of plug-holing for each working condition. Combined with the degree of plug-holing, the dimensionless Richardson number (Ri') was redefined, and a theoretical calculation model for the plug-holing height was proposed. The critical Ri' number (Ri_c') for the occurrence of plug-holing was derived. The results show that the plug-holing height increases with the increase of the angle and environmental pressure. The Ri' number decreases with the decrease of environmental pressure and increases with the increase of the shaft inclination angle. Under the same environmental pressure, Ri_c' number decreases with the increase of the shaft inclination angle. The relationship between Ri' number and the Ri_c' number can be used to determine whether a complete plug-holing effect occurs.

Key words: shaft inclined angle, environmental pressure, plug-holing effect, plug-holing height, tunnel fire

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

唐君磊, 李元洲. 竖井倾斜角度与环境压力对烟气吸穿的影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(8): 180-187.

TANG Junlei, LI Yuanzhou. Research on influence of shaft incline angle and ambient pressure on smoke plug-holing[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(8): 180-187.

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工况	θ/(°)
1—2	0
3—4	30
5—6	45
7—8	60
9—10	75
11—12	90

P_a/kPa	烟气厚度/m	烟气速度/(m·s^-1)	烟气密度/(kg·m^-3)	环境密度/(kg·m^-3)	Ri'	Ri_c'
65	2.71	1.92	0.64	1.17	2.79	1.1^[12]
100	2.60	1.54	1.03	0.76	3.16	1.4^[20]

P_a/kPa	60	70	80	90	100
文献[12]经验值	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4
理论模型计算值	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3