岩杆端面爆炸应力波局域效应分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.0435

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获取岩杆中爆炸近端应力波受局域效应影响的范围,采用创新设计的一维爆炸应力波研究试验装置和系统,通过对长杆岩石试件端面施加不同作用尺度的爆炸荷载,分析爆炸应力波在岩杆表面沿径向传播的不同位置处波形特征差异和传播特征,同时统计分析各个位置处应力波特征;采用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件研究不同作用尺度下爆炸应力波在岩杆内部的应力波传播过程,分析应力波在岩杆内部径向分布的峰值应力和波形特征变化特征,确定局域效应的影响范围。结果表明:在不同作用尺度下,在灰砂岩岩杆爆炸近端应力波特征存在较大差异,随着轴向传播距离的增加,应力波逐渐在4倍岩石截面半径处趋于均匀,曲线通过斯皮尔曼相关分析法计算得到相关系数均大于0.95,此后局域效应的影响效果可忽略不计。通过有限元模拟数据结果分析可得,岩石内部径向方向上受到局域效应影响范围在7倍岩石截面半径以内。

关键词: 岩杆, 爆炸, 应力波, 局域效应, 影响范围, 爆炸荷载

Abstract:

To determine the range of influence of local effects on the near-field stress wave generated by an explosion in a rock rod, an innovatively designed one-dimensional experimental apparatus and system for studying explosive stress waves were employed. By applying explosive loads with different action scales to the end face of a long rock rod specimen, the differences in waveform characteristics and propagation features of the explosive stress wave at different radial positions on the rod surface were analyzed. The stress-wave characteristics at each position were also statistically analyzed. The propagation process of the explosive stress wave inside the rock rod under different action scales was investigated using the Livermore Software Technology Corporation's Dynamic Analyzer(LS-DYNA) numerical simulation. The variation in peak stress and waveform characteristics of the stress wave distributed radially inside the rock rod were analyzed, and the influence range of the local effect. The results show that, under different action scales, the characteristics of the explosive stress wave near the explosion end of the gray sandstone rock rod differ significantly. As the axial propagation distance increases, the stress wave gradually becomes uniform at a distance of 4 times the cross-sectional radius of the rock, with correlation coefficients calculated using Spearman correlation analysis all greater than 0.95. Beyond this point, the influence of the local effect can be neglected. Analysis of the finite element simulation results show that the range affected by the local effect in the radial direction inside the rock is within 7 times the cross-sectional radius of the rock.

Key words: rock rod, explosion, stress wave, localized effect, influence range, explosive load

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

余浩然, 陈骏, 苏洪, 杨海斌, 张子健. 岩杆端面爆炸应力波局域效应分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(6): 134-142.

Yu Haoran, Chen Jun, Su Hong, Yang Haibin, Zhang Zijian. Analysis of explosive stress wave localized effects on edge of rock rod[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(6): 134-142.

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参数	密度/(g/cm³)	单轴抗压强度/MPa	剪切模量/ GPa	黏度常数	压力强化系数	压力参数2
数值	2.34	77.5×10^-5	0.125	0.91	1.60	-1.71
参数	累积塑性应变	最大强度/ MPa	压碎(溃) 压力/MPa	压碎体积应变	压实点压力/ GPa	压实点体积应变
数值	1×10^-11	0.01	25.8×10^-5	0. 001 5	0.012	0. 012 5
参数	压力硬化指数	最大拉伸静水压力/ MPa	应变速率临界值/ s^-1	压力参数3	失效类型	应变速率系数
数值	0.81	6.56×10^-5	1.0×10^-11	2.08	0	0.008
参数	损伤参数1	损伤参数2	压力参数1
数值	0.03	1	0.85