中国安全科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 44-49.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.10.008

• 安全系统学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于用户均衡理论的疏散人员出口分配方法

刘杨1, 陈娟2, 马剑**1,3,4 教授   

  1. 1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 610031
    2 西南交通大学 地球科学与环境工程学院,四川 成都 610031
    3 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 610031
    4 北京市城市轨道交通线路工程安全与防灾工程技术研究中心,北京100044
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-25 修回日期:2018-09-05 出版日期:2018-10-28 发布日期:2020-11-20
  • 通讯作者: **马 剑(1983—),男,江苏徐州人,博士,教授,主要从事行人交通组织与管理、紧急条件下的人员疏散等方面的研究。E-mail: majian@swjtu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:刘 杨 (1994—),女,四川乐山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为人员疏散。E-mail:liuyang@my.swjtu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助(71473207,71871189);科技部国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2017YFC0804906);北京市城市轨道交通线路工程安全与防灾工程技术研究中心开放课题(RRC201701)。

User equilibrium theory based evacuee assignment method for multi-exit emergency evacuation

LIU Yang1, CHEN Juan2, MA Jian1,3,4   

  1. 1 School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
    2 Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
    3 National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610031, China
    4 Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Rail Transit Line Safety and Disaster Prevention, Beijing, 100044, China
  • Received:2018-07-25 Revised:2018-09-05 Online:2018-10-28 Published:2020-11-20

摘要: 为解决突发事件下大型公共场所因出口利用不均导致整体疏散效率低下的问题,提出一种基于用户均衡理论的疏散人员出口分配方法。在复杂障碍物分布的多出口公共区域中,考虑不同疏散出口的宽度和远近情况,采用用户均衡分配方法,将待疏散人员分配到不同的疏散出口,通过模拟仿真计算疏散时间与效率,并与最短路分配方法进行对比研究。结果表明:2种情况下采用用户均衡分配方法的疏散时间均明显小于最短路分配方法,疏散效率分别提高了38%和65%,出口被均衡利用。

关键词: 人员疏散, 用户均衡, 决策行为, 优化诱导, 出口分配

Abstract: Due to unfamiliarity with the surrounding environment and some other reasons, evacuees in public multi-exit scenarios often choose the nearest exit to evacuate, which results in unbalanced usage of the exits. As a consequence, the overall public evacuation efficiency is usually very low. To solve this kind of problem, a evacuee assignment method was worked out according to the user equilibrium theory, which can effectively assign evacuees in public areas to different evacuation routes. With the method, the evacuation of a multi-exit public area with complex obstacles was simulated. A comparison was made between the effect of the nearest exit assignment method and that of the user equilibrium assignment method. Results show that considering the evacuation distance and the evacuation exit width, the proposed user equilibrium assignment method can improve evacuation efficiency, namely 38% and 65%, and significantly balance the usage of the exits.

Key words: evacuation, user equilibrium theory, decision-making behavior, optimal guidance, exit assignment

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