火灾事故下人群承受热辐射阈值差异分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.10.019

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 134-140.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.10.019

火灾事故下人群承受热辐射阈值差异分析

冯娇娇, 王静虹^** 教授, 李佳, 金博伟, 陈漫漫, 王志荣教授

南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京 211800

收稿日期:2020-07-13 修回日期:2020-09-09 出版日期:2020-10-28 发布日期:2021-07-15
通讯作者: **王静虹(1986—),女,江苏太仓人,博士,教授,主要从事公共安全与应急管理、化工安全等方面的研究。E-mail:arain@njtech.edu.cn。
作者简介:冯娇娇 (1997—),女,山东德州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为公共安全、人群疏散。E-mail:Duorou17@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0800106);国家自然科学基金资助(71774079);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目(19KJA460011)。

Difference in thermal radiation threshold of people under fire accidents

FENG Jiaojiao, WANG Jinghong, LI Jia, JIN Bowei, CHEN Manman, WANG Zhirong

College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211800, China

Received:2020-07-13 Revised:2020-09-09 Online:2020-10-28 Published:2021-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为确保疏散模型中有关于火灾排斥力计算的合理性,减少火灾事故中的人员伤亡,采取现场试验的方法,首先用表面温度为600和900 ℃的辐射加热板作为散热器,模拟真实火源辐射,记录被试以不同身高、性别及趋近方式朝向散热器接近的最大距离;然后分析火场疏散过程中,人群迫于逃生压力,承受热辐射所表现出的多因素差异性特征,计算并对照其差值。结果表明:个体承受热辐射的程度与身高、性别、从众心理等因素有关,且符合正态分布;单人可承受热辐射程度与身高呈线性正相关,双人趋近相比于单人趋近可增加个体对热辐射的耐受程度;女性热辐射耐受能力相比于男性更低,但更稳定。作为改进火灾排斥力和保障人员安全的参考,单人趋近时,所受热辐射阈值应小于3.49 kW/m²;双人趋近时,所受热辐射阈值应小于4.52 kW/m²。

关键词: 火灾事故, 承受热辐射阈值, 疏散模型, 火灾排斥力, 双人趋近

Abstract: In order to ensure rationality of fire repulsion calculation in evacuation model and reduce casualties in fire accidents, field test was conducted. Firstly, radiation of a real fire source was simulated with a radiant heating plate at surface temperature of 600 and 900 ℃ used as a radiator, and maximum distance for subjects with different heights, genders and approaches was recorded. Then, multi-factor difference of their thermal radiation threshold under pressure of escape during evacuation was calculated and compared. The results show that thermal radiation threshold of individuals is related to height, gender and herd mentality in conformity with a normal distribution. It is positively and linearly correlated with height for a single person, and two-person approach can increase individuals' tolerance to thermal radiation. Moreover, female's tolerance is lower than male, but more stable. As a reference for improving fire repulsion and ensuring personnel safety, thermal radiation threshold should be less than 3.49 kW/m² for a single-person approach, while less than 4.52 kW/m² in case of two-people approach.

Key words: fire accident, thermal radiation threshold, evacuation model, fire repulsion, two-people approach

中图分类号:

X910

冯娇娇, 王静虹, 李佳, 金博伟, 陈漫漫, 王志荣. 火灾事故下人群承受热辐射阈值差异分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(10): 134-140.

FENG Jiaojiao, WANG Jinghong, LI Jia, JIN Bowei, CHEN Manman, WANG Zhirong. Difference in thermal radiation threshold of people under fire accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(10): 134-140.

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火灾事故下人群承受热辐射阈值差异分析

Difference in thermal radiation threshold of people under fire accidents

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