城市洪涝风险评估中的软件应用及进展

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.09.2721

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解城市洪涝风险评估相关软件的应用现状及进展,并探究其发展前景,首先,从科学计算与数据处理、城市洪涝模拟及可视化表达3个方面切入,系统梳理Hadoop等软件在科学计算与数据处理中的应用,SWMM、MIKE和InfoWorks等软件在城市洪涝模拟中的使用情况,以及地理信息系统(GIS)软件在风险可视化表达中的进展;其次,通过对不同软件优缺点及适用范围的分析,探讨软件发展的关键技术;最后,概括城市洪涝风险评估软件集成系统的发展方向,并对未来可能的研究趋势进行展望。结果表明:软件的应用和进展扩充了城市洪涝风险评估手段;关键技术融入和软件集成有助于构建更完善的城市洪涝管理系统,为城市安全提供保障;实现软件自主化也是未来研究的重点方向。

关键词: 城市洪涝, 风险评估, 软件应用, 城市安全, 软件集成系统

Abstract:

In order to study application status and progress of software in urban flood risk assessment, and explore its development prospects, firstly, application of Hadoop software in scientific calculation and data processing, use of SWMM, MIKE and InfoWorks in urban flood simulation, and progress of GIS software in risk visualization expression were systematically summarized from aspects of scientific calculation and data processing, urban flood simulation and visual expression. Then, key technologies of software development were discussed through analysis on advantages and disadvantages of different software and their scope of application. Finally, development direction of integrated system of assessment software was summarized, and possible research trends were prospected. The results show that the application and progress of software have expanded the means of urban flood risk assessment. Moreover, integration of key technologies and software will help build a more perfect urban flood management system and provide safety guarantee. And the realization of software autonomy is also the key direction of future research.

Key words: urban flood, risk assessment, software application, city safety, software integration system

郑安娜, 李建微, 陈思喜, 郭伟, 陈晓梦. 城市洪涝风险评估中的软件应用及进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(9): 118-125.

ZHENG Anna, LI Jianwei, CHEN Sixi, GUO Wei, CHEN Xiaomeng. Application and progress of software in urban flood risk assessment[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(9): 118-125.

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软件	特点	缺点	类别及改进	适用场景
SWMM	通用性较高,基础功能丰富; 能够模拟不同降雨条件下的径流过程	计算引擎不够完整;在复杂地表淹没计算中表现较差	PCSWMM:增加前后处理模块,更新升级更为方便	一维管网和二维洪泛区耦合模拟,洪涝风险分析
SWMM	通用性较高,基础功能丰富; 能够模拟不同降雨条件下的径流过程	计算引擎不够完整;在复杂地表淹没计算中表现较差	XPSWMM:能进行二维模拟,和GIS等软件有良好接口	构建雨水管网模型,评估排水能力,识别洪涝风险区域
MIKE	在水流计算领域较为全面; 包含的模块较多,功能齐全	方便性和稳定性不足;较难进行开发创新	MIKE 11:一维模拟,模拟水体流动特征	洪水预报和洪泛图制作
			MIKE 21:二维模拟,结合图形界面和计算引擎	洪水及坡面流模拟,洪涝预警
			MIKE URBAN:集成排水和供水系统,有效计算城市管流运动	多种情景下的城市水流计算
			MIKE FLOOD:实现多个模型耦合	综合性洪涝风险评估
Infoworks	以数据库管理的模式来开发; 具备全面的前后处理功能	对于运行的硬件要求较高	Infoworks CS:实现和GIS对接,能够模拟多达10万个节点	洪涝淹没分析
Infoworks	以数据库管理的模式来开发; 具备全面的前后处理功能	对于运行的硬件要求较高	Infoworks ICM:具备多种分布式地表产汇流模拟方式	降雨径流分析评估、城市洪涝分析和预报