群体视角下安全氛围对安全行为的跨层次影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.12.2365

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效促进建筑工人的安全行为,提升建筑行业安全管理水平,基于社会交换理论和社会认知理论,构建安全氛围影响个体安全行为的跨层次理论模型,并检验群体心理资本的跨层次中介效应和群体信任的跨层次调节效应。采用问卷调查的方法收集数据,调查对象来自68个施工班组的448名建筑工人(包括班组长和班组成员),运用多层次线性模型(HLM)的方法进行实证研究。结果表明:群体层安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为显著正相关;群体心理资本在安全氛围和建筑工人安全行为之间具有显著的跨层次部分中介效应;群体信任跨层次正向调节群体心理资本和建筑工人安全行为之间的影响关系。群体层的安全氛围通过群体心理资本直接或间接跨层次影响建筑工人的安全行为,而群体信任则可以促进这个影响过程。

关键词: 安全氛围, 安全行为, 跨层次影响, 群体心理资本, 群体信任, 建筑工人, 多层次线性模型(HLM)

Abstract:

In order to effectively promote construction workers' safety behavior and improve safety management level of the construction industry, based on social exchange theory and social cognition theory, a cross-level theoretical model of safety climate affecting individual safety behavior was constructed, and the cross-level mederating effect of group psychological capital and the cross-level moderating effect of group trust were tested. The data were collected by questionnaire survey. The survey subject were 448 construction workers (including team leaders and team members) in 68 construction teams. HLM method was used for empirical research. The results show that the safety climate of group layer is significantly and positively correlated with construction workers' safety behavior. Group psychological capital has a significant cross-level partial mediating effect between safety climate and construction worker's safety behavior. Group trust positively regulates the relationship between group psychological capital and construction workers' safety behavior. The safety climate of group level influences construction workers' safety behavior directly or indirectly through group psychological capital, and group trust can promote the process.

Key words: safety climate, safety behavior, cross-level influence, group psychological capital, group trust, construction workers, hierarchical linear model (HLM)

王丹, 何洋. 群体视角下安全氛围对安全行为的跨层次影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(12): 25-31.

WANG Dan, HE Yang. Cross-level influence of safety climate on safety behavior from group perspective[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(12): 25-31.

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模型编号	所含因子	χ²/df	RMSEA	GFI	CFI	TLI
1	4因子:SC;GPC;SB;GT	1.270	0.025	0.889	0.975	0.973
2	3因子:SC;GPC;SB+GT	2.246	0.053	0.793	0.883	0.877
3	3因子:SC;GPC+SB;GT	2.813	0.064	0.719	0.830	0.821
4	2因子:SC;GPC+GT+SB	5.568	0.101	0.554	0.569	0.550
5	单因子:SC+GPC+GT+SB	7.247	0.118	0.439	0.410	0.384

变量		均值	标准差	1	2	3	4
个体层	1.性别	1.130	0.336	—	—	—	—
	2.年龄	2.672	0.863	-0.061	—	—	—
	3.工龄	2.993	1.002	-0.051	0.761^***	—	—
	4.学历	1.645	0.979	0.052	-0.011	0.027	—
	5.安全行为	2.433	0.812	-0.043	-0.044	-0.086	-0.022
群体层	1.班组成立时间	1.536	0.661	—	—	—	—
	2.班组的规模	2.411	0.746	0.229^***	—	—	—
	3.安全氛围	3.595	0.656	-0.054	-0.161^**	—	—
	4.群体心理资本	3.428	0.608	-0.075	0.075	0.313^***	—
	5.群体信任	2.235	0.802	-0.029	-0.005	0.148^**	0.300^***

变量类型		因变量	安全行为
变量类型		模型	M₁	M₂	M₃	M₄	M₅
—		截距项	2.273^***	2.057^***	2.381^***	2.243^***	2.401^***
控制变量	个体层	性别	-0.095	-0.093	-0.116	-0.111	-0.118
		年龄	-0.030	-0.029	-0.034	-0.033	-0.037
		工龄	0.013	0.016	0.019	0.020	0.023
		受教育程度	-0.001	0.004	0.002	0.005	0.001
	群体层	班组成立时间	-0.064	-0.045	0.023	0.013	0.023
	群体层	班组的规模	0.165	0.235^**	0.073	0.130	0.066
自变量		安全氛围	—	0.645^***	—	0.332^*	—
中介变量		群体心理资本	—	—	0.852^***	0.665^***	0.840^***
调节变量		群体信任	—	—	—	—	0.115
交互项		群体心理资本×群体信任	—	—	—	—	0.535^*
组内方差σ²			0.363	0.363	0.363	0.363	0.363
组间方差T₀₀			0.305	0.216	0.172	0.156	0.153