Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of railway operations, firstly, the index system of safety evaluation of railway operation was established. Then, while the improved AHP method and entropy method was used to take D city railway station as an example, the weight of the influencing factors was determined and corrected. Finally, the influencing factors with lower weights were screened. Based on the security argument method,the root cause risk was demonstrated,and the way of risk prevention was demonstrated. The results show that the weight factors that affect the safety of railway operations include: vehicle factors, track and equipment factors, and supervisory and administrative factors. Driving technology, railway personnel and driving equipment are the root causes of these major factors. Risk precautions include: eliminating risk, reducing the probability of risk occurrence, and mitigating the negative impact of risk.

Key words: railway operation safety, improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method, index evaluation, safety argumentation method