Abstract: With the rapid development of China's railway, more and more people choose railway for transportation for which safety is the most basic guarantee. In order to ensure railway passenger safety, impacts of five aspects of staff, passengers, equipment, management and environment were discussed according to its basic theory. Secondly SEM of railway passenger transportation security was constructed, hypothetical relation was put forward, and questionnaire was designed and sent out with some railways as examples. Then SPSS25.0 software was used to analyze validity of the questionnaire and Amos17.0 was utilized to verify the model's hypothetical relation. Finally, fitting coefficients generated were compared with standard indicators to test whether they are within the range of the latter, and appropriate correction was made until fitting indexes are standard so as to determine major influence factors. The results show that staff, equipment, management and environment are positively related with railway passenger transportation safety which can be improved with better staff management, equipment safety, station and train environment.

Key words: structural equation model (SEM), railway passenger transportation safety, evaluation index system, validity analysis, fitting test