Abstract:

In order to constrain the definition and scope of marine nuclear safety and to ultimately support the comprehensive objectives of protecting human health, guaranteeing radiation safety for the marine environment and organisms, and maintaining marine biodiversity and ecological service functions, the evolving concepts from safety, marine safety, and nuclear safety, to marine nuclear safety were comprehensively tracked. Assessing techniques of marine nuclear safety including background baseline method, activity limit method, dose limit method, and radiation risk method were established to evaluate the discharging of a.pngicial radionuclides into the ocean. To protect human health and ecological and environmental safety, priority directions including source ide.pngication, bioconcentration, and transfer of radionuclides and their associated nuclear safety assessment in seafood based on "Big Food Concept", assessment of radiation dose on marine biotas and protection, and radionuclides-driven synergistic effects of multiple pollutants were proposed and suggested for the future development of marine nuclear safety. In summary, this study systematically examines the conceptual framework and scope of marine nuclear safety, evaluates the advantages and applicability of four assessment methodologies to address multi-level nuclear safety management needs, and ide.pngies three key research directions to advance the high-quality development of marine nuclear safety assessment technologies in the context of climate change and human activity.

Key words: marine nuclear safety, assessment techniques, radionuclide, Fukushima-contaminated water, seafood, nuclear power plant