Targeted intervention method for unsafe behaviors of subway construction workers

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.06.2574

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve intervention effect and effectively prevent and control unsafe behaviors, a targeted intervention method for such behaviors was proposed. Data analysis, node positioning and strategy implementation were carried out on unsafe behaviors of subway construction workers to achieve targeted intervention. Firstly, information like time, individual behavior, professional category and unsafe actions was extracted by analyzing 385 pan-scene data of unsafe behaviors in subway construction. Secondly, distribution characteristics and interaction rules of unsafe behaviors were explored, and strong association rules were obtained to locate intervention nodes. Furthermore, 16 specific intervention measures were proposed, and their effects were verified to be good through evaluation. The results show that targeted intervention method can provide new ideas for unsafe behavior correction, and achieve accurate identification, intervention and management.

Key words: subway construction, corstruction workers, unsafe behavior, targeted intervention, pan-scene

TONG Ruipeng, FAN Bingqian, SUN Ninghao, YAO Jianting, DONG Bingyu. Targeted intervention method for unsafe behaviors of subway construction workers[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(6): 10-16.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Tab.1

Dimensional coding representation of unsafe behaviors in subway construction

维度	编码表示
时间T	T₁早班08:00—12:00 T₂中班13:00—17:00 T₃晚班18:00—22:00 T₄夜班00:00—06:00
行为个体 I	I₁普工 I₂架子工 I₃焊工 I₄电工 I₅钢筋工 I₆模板工 I₇机械操作人员
专业类别 C	C₁围护结构 C₂开挖降水 C₃架设支撑 C₄开挖底板 C₅底板浇筑 C₆中板浇筑 C₇顶板浇筑 C₈拆除支撑
不安全动作A	A₁安全警示标志牌不足 A₂绑扎吊物不规范 A₃大型满载平板车停放不当 ︙ $A 6 5$ 作业平台防护措施不合格

Tab.1

Tab.2

Analysis of association rules between variables

交互维度	前项	后项	支持度/%	置信度/%	提升度
I→A	I₆	A₁₈	18.16	15.38	2.75
I→A	I₂	A₁₄	14.25	21.57	2.09
T→A	T₄	A₁₄	21.23	17.11	1.66
I, T→A	$I 4$ , T₁	A₄₈	5.03	16.67	14.92
	I₄, T₁	A₃₃	5.03	16.67	11.93
	I₇, T₄	A₂	8.66	22.58	7.35
	I₇, T₂	A₄₀	6.15	18.1	7.23
	I₄, T₂	A₃₅	7.82	17.86	6.39
	I₇, T₂	A₁₄	6.15	18.18	1.76
C, T→A	C₄, T₄	A₂	8.10	17.24	5.61
	C₄, T₁	A₁₈	6.42	17.39	3.11
	C₄, T₂	A₁₄	8.10	20.69	2.00
I, C, T→A	I₇, C₄, T₄	A2	5.03	27.78	9.04
I, C, T→A	I₆, C₃, T₂	A18	5.03	16.67	2.98

Tab.2

Tab.3

Tab.4

Summary of unsafe behavior intervention measures

作用层面	干预项	干预要点及具体干预措施
组织层面	制度建设	组织机构	优化完善安全管理组织架构和运行机制,按规定配备安全管理人员,设置安全工作经费
	制度建设	责任清单	建立健全安全管理制度体系,制定各级管理人员的安全任务清单,明确完成方式、期限、预期效果和奖惩措施
	安全文化	组织氛围	营造良好的班组和企业安全氛围,开展内容丰富、形式多样的安全文化宣传教育活动
	安全文化	安全承诺	强化组织安全承诺,分级分批签订《安全生产职责承诺书》,担负起对组织财产、员工生命及社会的安全守护责任
	安全管理	技术支撑	完善施工安全监测监管系统,运用物联网、5G等技术,实现危险预警、安全监督、数据分析等功能,为安全决策提供支撑
		奖惩激励	实施安全行为的正面激励,依据安全生产标准化要求进行安全评估,根据考评结果奖罚相应项目的项目经理、班组长等
		安全检查	科学合理安排施工现场的日常巡查和专项检查,尤其对防护用品佩戴、机械设备防护装置和作业平台防护措施等加强巡查
		环境改善	改善施工现场工作条件,保持材料工件堆放有序,为确保质量和安全创造良好的条件
作用层面	干预项	干预要点及具体干预措施
个体层面	行为管控	资格准入	严格管理现场准入资格,进行实名登记和信息更新,特别针对需要持证上岗的作业人员
		重点管理	进行不安全行为记录与重点人群管理,建立台账保留行为痕迹并归档,重点关注机械操作工、电工,以及易发不安全动作
		行为反馈	建立不安全行为监督与反馈管理,进行安全行为的现场观察,反馈观察结果并向表现良好的作业人员给予物质和精神奖励
	行为养成	军事管理	通过准军事化管理塑造良好作业习惯,遵守操作规程和作业规范,形成标准化安全行为
		定期沟通	项目经理、安全总监和班组长,分别按照每月、周和天的时间安排,开展安全例会,总结工作查找问题,进行安全交流
		应急训练	通过应急训练提升行为可靠性,包括避险、逃生、自救、互救培训等
	素质提升	安全培训	定期进行安全教育培训提升专业素质,针对不安全行为高发工种重点开展专项培训,提高专业能力
	素质提升	心理疏解	加强个体安全心理教育,及时纾解生活和工作压力,杜绝冒险心理、侥幸心理、走捷径心理等

Tab.4

Tab.5

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靶向干预节点	干预重点
T₂>T₁>T₄>T₃	定期进行各班次安全巡查,重点加强中班、早班和夜班检查频率和强度
I₇>I₄>I₆>I₂> I₅>I₁>I₃	加强机械操作工、电工等工种的安全培训和持证上岗工作,提高安全技能
C₄>C₃>C₁> C₈> C₂>C₇> C₆>C₅	全面加强各施工阶段的安全巡查,重点排查围护结构、架设支撑、开挖底板等基础施工阶段的安全隐患
I₄, T₁/T₂→ A₃₃ A₄₈/A₃₅	重点关注电工的早、中班安全行为,如检查配电箱记录、漏电保护器运行及是否违规接线等
I₇, T₂/T₄→ A₁₄ A₄₀/A₂	重点关注机械操作工的午、夜班安全行为,包括检查防护用品佩戴、起重机操作状态及绑扎吊物是否规范等
C₄, T₁/T₂/T₄→ A₂/A₁₄/A₁₈	加强开挖底板施工阶段的早、中、夜班安全检查力度,重点排查绑扎吊物和防护用品佩戴是否规范及机械设备是否合理设置防护装置等
I₇, C₄, T₄→A₂	开挖底板施工阶段,重点关注机械操作工在夜班时吊装物捆绑是否规范
I₆, C₃, T₂→A₁₈	架设支撑施工阶段,重点关注模板工在中班时是否合理设置防护装置

干预项	差值95%置信区间		t	显著性 (双尾)
干预项	下限	上限	t	显著性 (双尾)
制度建设	0.294 911 6	0.556 940 2	6.683	0.000
安全文化	0.527 774 9	0.768 521 4	11.068	0.000
安全管理	0.352 104 6	0.536 784 3	9.894	0.000
行为管控	0.432 594 5	0.653 825 2	10.094	0.000
行为养成	0.363 918 9	0.599 044 1	8.418	0.000
素质提升	0.482 369 8	0.702 815 4	11.051	0.000

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