China Safety Science Journal ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 10-16.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.06.2574
• Safety social science and safety management • Previous Articles Next Articles
TONG Ruipeng(), FAN Bingqian**(), SUN Ninghao, YAO Jianting, DONG Bingyu
Received:
2022-01-14
Revised:
2022-04-11
Online:
2022-06-28
Published:
2022-12-28
Contact:
FAN Bingqian
TONG Ruipeng, FAN Bingqian, SUN Ninghao, YAO Jianting, DONG Bingyu. Targeted intervention method for unsafe behaviors of subway construction workers[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(6): 10-16.
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URL: http://www.cssjj.com.cn/EN/10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.06.2574
Tab.1
Dimensional coding representation of unsafe behaviors in subway construction
维度 | 编码表示 |
---|---|
时间T | T1早班08:00—12:00 T2中班13:00—17:00 T3晚班18:00—22:00 T4夜班00:00—06:00 |
行为个体 I | I1普工 I2架子工 I3焊工 I4电工 I5钢筋工 I6模板工 I7机械操作人员 |
专业类别 C | C1围护结构 C2开挖降水 C3架设支撑 C4开挖底板 C5底板浇筑 C6中板浇筑 C7顶板浇筑 C8拆除支撑 |
不安全 动作A | A1安全警示标志牌不足 A2绑扎吊物不规范 A3大型满载平板车停放不当 ︙ 作业平台防护措施不合格 |
Tab.2
Analysis of association rules between variables
交互维度 | 前项 | 后项 | 支持 度/% | 置信 度/% | 提升 度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I→A | I6 | A18 | 18.16 | 15.38 | 2.75 |
I2 | A14 | 14.25 | 21.57 | 2.09 | |
T→A | T4 | A14 | 21.23 | 17.11 | 1.66 |
I, T→A | , T1 | A48 | 5.03 | 16.67 | 14.92 |
I4, T1 | A33 | 5.03 | 16.67 | 11.93 | |
I7, T4 | A2 | 8.66 | 22.58 | 7.35 | |
I7, T2 | A40 | 6.15 | 18.1 | 7.23 | |
I4, T2 | A35 | 7.82 | 17.86 | 6.39 | |
I7, T2 | A14 | 6.15 | 18.18 | 1.76 | |
C, T→A | C4, T4 | A2 | 8.10 | 17.24 | 5.61 |
C4, T1 | A18 | 6.42 | 17.39 | 3.11 | |
C4, T2 | A14 | 8.10 | 20.69 | 2.00 | |
I, C, T→A | I7, C4, T4 | A2 | 5.03 | 27.78 | 9.04 |
I6, C3, T2 | A18 | 5.03 | 16.67 | 2.98 |
Tab.3
Targeted intervention nodes and intervention focus of unsafe behaviors
靶向干预节点 | 干预重点 |
---|---|
T2>T1>T4>T3 | 定期进行各班次安全巡查,重点加强中班、早班和夜班检查频率和强度 |
I7>I4>I6>I2> I5>I1>I3 | 加强机械操作工、电工等工种的安全培训和持证上岗工作,提高安全技能 |
C4>C3>C1> C8> C2>C7> C6>C5 | 全面加强各施工阶段的安全巡查,重点排查围护结构、架设支撑、开挖底板等基础施工阶段的安全隐患 |
I4, T1/T2→ A33 A48/A35 | 重点关注电工的早、中班安全行为,如检查配电箱记录、漏电保护器运行及是否违规接线等 |
I7, T2/T4→ A14 A40/A2 | 重点关注机械操作工的午、夜班安全行为,包括检查防护用品佩戴、起重机操作状态及绑扎吊物是否规范等 |
C4, T1/T2/T4→ A2/A14/A18 | 加强开挖底板施工阶段的早、中、夜班安全检查力度,重点排查绑扎吊物和防护用品佩戴是否规范及机械设备是否合理设置防护装置等 |
I7, C4, T4→A2 | 开挖底板施工阶段,重点关注机械操作工在夜班时吊装物捆绑是否规范 |
I6, C3, T2→A18 | 架设支撑施工阶段,重点关注模板工在中班时是否合理设置防护装置 |
Tab.4
Summary of unsafe behavior intervention measures
作用 层面 | 干预项 | 干预要点及具体干预措施 | |
---|---|---|---|
组织 层面 | 制度建设 | 组织机构 | 优化完善安全管理组织架构和运行机制,按规定配备安全管理人员,设置安全工作经费 |
责任清单 | 建立健全安全管理制度体系,制定各级管理人员的安全任务清单,明确完成方式、期限、预期效果和奖惩措施 | ||
安全文化 | 组织氛围 | 营造良好的班组和企业安全氛围,开展内容丰富、形式多样的安全文化宣传教育活动 | |
安全承诺 | 强化组织安全承诺,分级分批签订《安全生产职责承诺书》,担负起对组织财产、员工生命及社会的安全守护责任 | ||
安全管理 | 技术支撑 | 完善施工安全监测监管系统,运用物联网、5G等技术,实现危险预警、安全监督、数据分析等功能,为安全决策提供支撑 | |
奖惩激励 | 实施安全行为的正面激励,依据安全生产标准化要求进行安全评估,根据考评结果奖罚相应项目的项目经理、班组长等 | ||
安全检查 | 科学合理安排施工现场的日常巡查和专项检查,尤其对防护用品佩戴、机械设备防护装置和作业平台防护措施等加强巡查 | ||
环境改善 | 改善施工现场工作条件,保持材料工件堆放有序,为确保质量和安全创造良好的条件 | ||
作用 层面 | 干预项 | 干预要点及具体干预措施 | |
个体 层面 | 行为管控 | 资格准入 | 严格管理现场准入资格,进行实名登记和信息更新,特别针对需要持证上岗的作业人员 |
重点管理 | 进行不安全行为记录与重点人群管理,建立台账保留行为痕迹并归档,重点关注机械操作工、电工,以及易发不安全动作 | ||
行为反馈 | 建立不安全行为监督与反馈管理,进行安全行为的现场观察,反馈观察结果并向表现良好的作业人员给予物质和精神奖励 | ||
行为养成 | 军事管理 | 通过准军事化管理塑造良好作业习惯,遵守操作规程和作业规范,形成标准化安全行为 | |
定期沟通 | 项目经理、安全总监和班组长,分别按照每月、周和天的时间安排,开展安全例会,总结工作查找问题,进行安全交流 | ||
应急训练 | 通过应急训练提升行为可靠性,包括避险、逃生、自救、互救培训等 | ||
素质提升 | 安全培训 | 定期进行安全教育培训提升专业素质,针对不安全行为高发工种重点开展专项培训,提高专业能力 | |
心理疏解 | 加强个体安全心理教育,及时纾解生活和工作压力,杜绝冒险心理、侥幸心理、走捷径心理等 |
Tab.5
Paired-sample t-test results for dimension
干预项 | 差值95%置信区间 | t | 显著性 (双尾) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
下限 | 上限 | |||
制度建设 | 0.294 911 6 | 0.556 940 2 | 6.683 | 0.000 |
安全文化 | 0.527 774 9 | 0.768 521 4 | 11.068 | 0.000 |
安全管理 | 0.352 104 6 | 0.536 784 3 | 9.894 | 0.000 |
行为管控 | 0.432 594 5 | 0.653 825 2 | 10.094 | 0.000 |
行为养成 | 0.363 918 9 | 0.599 044 1 | 8.418 | 0.000 |
素质提升 | 0.482 369 8 | 0.702 815 4 | 11.051 | 0.000 |
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