Simulation study on heat transfer of thermal runaway lithium-ion battery in confined space

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.0945

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the source and proportion of thermal runaway heat transfer of lithium-ion batteries in confined conditions space such as aviation transportation, the 18650 lithium-ion battery (100% state of charge) with lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) as the cathode material was used. The heat transfer model of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries was proposed by ANSYS Fluent software. Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas generated by the first battery and its thermal runaway was used as the heat source, and the second battery was heated to thermal runaway through radiation and convection. The results showed that when 2^nd battery reached the thermal runaway temperature, the heat generated by the internal side reaction accounted for 30.01% of the total energy. The gas combustion generated by the 1^st battery thermal runaway provided energy for 2^nd battery thermal runaway, accounting for 5.64% of the total energy. When 2^nd battery reached the maximum temperature, the heat generated inside the battery accounted for 87.39%, and the energy provided by the gas combustion was 1.76%. the pyrolysis gas combustion accelerates 2^nd battery's thermal runaway, though it is a heat source, it is not a heat source. Although the combustion of pyrolysis gas accelerated the thermal runaway process of 2^nd battery, the proportion of energy provided was relatively small.

Key words: confined space, lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway heat transfer, Fluent, internal side reactions, gas combustion

CLC Number:

X946

ZHANG Qingsong, JIA Yan, ZHAI Qiyue, LIU Tiantian. Simulation study on heat transfer of thermal runaway lithium-ion battery in confined space[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(6): 65-72.

Figures/Tables 9

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副反应化学参数	SEI膜分解	负极与电解液反应	正极材料热分解	粘结剂分解	电解液分解
H_i/(J·kg^-1)	2.57×10⁵	1.71×10⁶	3.14×10⁵	1.50×10⁶	1.55×10⁵
W_i/ (kg·m^-3)	6.10×10²	6.10×10²	1.20×10³	8.14×10⁴	4.07×10²
A_i/s^-1	1.67×10¹⁵	2.50×10¹³	6.67×10¹³	1.92×10²⁵	5.14×10²⁵
E_a,_i / (J·mol^-1)	1.35×10⁵	1.35×10⁵	1.40×10⁵	2.86×10⁵	2.74×10⁵

参数	初始值	参数	初始值
c_s	0.15	m_s	1
c_n	0.75	m_n	1
α	0.04	m_p	1
c_v	1	m_v	1
c_e	1	m_e	1

2节电池热失控过程温度情况		试验数据	仿真结果	误差/%
第1节电池温度/K	热失控温度	481.55	508.95	5.69
第1节电池温度/K	最高温度	1 002.95	946.74	5.6
环境温度最高值/K		545.1	537.03	1.48
第2节电池温度/K	热失控温度	443.55	473.77	6.81
第2节电池温度/K	最高温度	930.45	866.3	6.89

能量来源				发生热失控时能量	达到热失控最高温度时能量
总能量	电池内部副反应产热			2 529.39	23 634.41
	第2节电池热失控过程接受外界能量(热辐射+热对流)	第1节电池热辐射传递能量		7 733.61	5 618.58
		环境对流换热(气体燃烧+散热)	气体燃烧提供能量	475.81	475.81
		环境对流换热(气体燃烧+散热)	散热	-2 309.61	-2 684.55