Abstract:

To investigate the deformation and failure characteristics of high and steep open-pit mine slopes under the combined effects of fault fracture zones, weak rock strata, and slope seepage, the landslide on the 1 892-1 955 m high and steep south slope of a metal open-pit mine in Tajikistan was taken as an example. The analysis was based on deformation data of the landslide area obtained from long-term monitoring of the target area using synthetic aperture radar on the slope, revealing the slope deformation and failure characteristics, as well as the landslide failure mode. The results indicate that under the influence of multiple factors such as fault fracture zones, weak rock strata, and slope seepage, the slope exhibits gradual deformation and failure behavior. Triggered by slope seepage and construction operations, the lower region of the south slope deforms and fails first, progressively pulling and causing deformation and toppling failure of the upper slope and resulting in a pull-topple landslide. The toppling failure process of dip slopes can be divided into four stages: deformation bending of the in-situ rock strata, progressive bending failure near the top of the slope, instantaneous collapse when exceeding the yield limit, and re-stabilization to equilibrium. The findings provide data support and references for stability analysis and landslide prediction of similar high and steep open-pit mine slopes.

Key words: high and steep slope, landslide, anti-dip rock stratum, failure mode, slope radar