Abstract:

To enhance hydrogen safety regulation in China, this paper systematically reviewed the development trends of the global hydrogen industry and its safety regulatory frameworks. Based on this, a comparative analysis was conducted from the perspectives of safety supervision institutions, laws and regulations, standard systems, and technological development for hydrogen industry both domestically and internationally. Drawing on international experience and considering China's specific conditions, policy recommendations were proposed in five aspects: clarifying regulatory responsibilities, improving the supply of laws and policies, accelerating the standard system, strengthening technological support, and deepening exchanges and cooperation. The results show that the global hydrogen energy sector has entered a phase of rapid industrialization. Countries with relatively mature hydrogen industries have built safety governance systems characterized by top-level coordination and planning, full-chain coverage regulation, and standard system support. In comparison, China's hydrogen industry still lags behind the demands of its rapid development in terms of the comprehensiveness of safety regulatory system, the coherence of its standard system, and the capacity for key technology support. It is therefore necessary to further clarify the regulatory responsibilities of relevant departments across the full chain of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, refueling, and end-use applications, and to establish and improve cross-departmental collaborative regulatory mechanisms. It is of great importance to accelerate the formulation of systematic hydrogen safety-specific laws and regulations and to build a standard system covering the entire industrial chain, as well as to strengthen R&D on safety technologies and the construction of professional experimental platforms. By doing this, the safety supervision efficiency shall be enhanced comprehensively in China's hydrogen industry.

Key words: hydrogen industry, safety supervision, hydrogen safety, standard system, policy recommendations