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    Research on classification and gradation of offshore oil accidents in China
    CAO Yang
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (3): 18-24.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.003
    Abstract1710)   HTML73)    PDF(pc) (1517KB)(437)       Save

    In order to improve statistics and analysis of offshore oil accidents in China, firstly, relevant laws, regulations, standards and guidelines were analyzed to clarify definition of these accidents and specify their gradation and classification. Then, a comparative analysis was conducted on current regulations or practices regarding accident classification and gradation of the State Council, Ministry of Emergency Management, industries of different fields, three Barrel of Oil and international oil companies. Finally, scope and definition of offshore oil accidents were proposed, as well as the new gradation and classification, including their specification or applicable situation. The results show that based on the previous classification released by the Ministry of Emergency Management of People's Republic of China, accident classification can be expanded to eight types including thirty-nine sub-types in China. And on the basis of previous gradation by the State Council, accidents can be graded into six levels in China.

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    Study on mental health status and influencing factors of university students during COVID-19
    LIU Haijuan, CHEN Ju, HE Ziming
    China Safety Science Journal    2021, 31 (5): 168-173.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2021.05.025
    Abstract1456)      PDF(pc) (1264KB)(1456)       Save
    In order to do a good job of mental health education for university students under COVID-19 epidemic,DASS-21 scale was applied to measure undergraduates'mental health status. An internet-based questionnaire was taken by 6 157 undergraduates to measure their mental health status. The results show that there are some symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in university students. University students whose family economic status is poor and whose family economic status is affected by COVID-19 epidemic have obvious symptoms of anxiety and depression. Stress, anxiety and depression symptoms are most severe among students with severe physical and mental illness.
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    Discussion on relationship between safety management, risk management and emergency management based on Macro-security view
    TONG Ruipeng, WANG Lulu, LI Hongwei, GAO Ning, AN Yu
    China Safety Science Journal    2021, 31 (5): 36-44.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2021.05.006
    Abstract1324)      PDF(pc) (2956KB)(1471)       Save
    In order to break limitations of relationship analysis between safety management, risk management and emergency management, and to give full play to management effectiveness of them based on perspective of Macro-security, literature review method, speculative method and comparative analysis method were used to sort out management connotation and development course of them. Internal relationship was analyzed from five aspects such as research field, theoretical paradigm, responsible subject, management stage and system development evolution. The results show that safety management, risk management and emergency management research fields overlap and respectively focus on accidents, risks and emergencies. Theoretical paradigms are blended, and management basis is interoperable among them. Responsible subjects are the same, and all emphasize participation of all members. There are differences in management stages and focus. Development process of management system is different.
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    Detailed explanations of 24Model and development of its 6th version
    FU Gui, CHEN Yiran, XU Surui, CHEN Ping, YUAN Chenhui, WU Yali
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (1): 12-19.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.002
    Abstract832)   HTML34)    PDF(pc) (1841KB)(427)       Save

    In order to make 24Model achieve better application effect in tracing the cause of accident and formulating accident prevention countermeasures, the detailed scientific explanations of 24Model are critically important. By means of systematic literature review and comparative studies, the logical structure, causation modules and main features of 24Model were deeply examined. The research results show that: the primary theoretical foundations of 24Model are the series of Domino Theory proposed by HEINRICH and improved by BIRD etc., and the series of Swiss Cheese Model proposed by REASON and clarified by SHAPPELL & WIEGMANN, and another one is the Model of Managing for Outstanding Safety proposed by STEWART. The logical structure of the static form of 24Model is established by cause-effect relationship and falls into the sequential category of accident causation models. The specific meaning of the immediate, indirect, root, and radical accident causes in static 24Model can be found from the above three types of accident causation models, management system standards by ISO and the safety culture defined by the authors of this paper. The dynamic form of 24Model takes the process of behavioral conversion to establish its logical structure, and it fully expresses its systemic, dynamic, and non-linear features, and it forms a behavioral conversion system by linking organizational behaviors, namely influence behaviors, and individual behaviors, namely operative behaviors.

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    Statistical analysis on dust explosion accidents in China from 2005 to 2020
    CHEN Gang, ZHANG Xiaolei, XU Shuai, MIAO Yongchun, YANG Wentao, GAO Jindong
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (8): 76-83.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.08.0812
    Abstract829)   HTML34)    PDF(pc) (6949KB)(300)       Save

    In order to further improve pertinence and effectiveness of dust explosion prevention in China, statistical researches on 67 dust explosion accidents from 2005 to 2020 were carried out, including year, region, dust type and enterprise scale, and their causes, workplaces and consequences were also studied before some preventive suggestions were put forward. The results show that metal, coal, grain and wood dust are the four main dust types that cause explosion. Number of such accidents in large and medium-sized enterprises is small, but the consequences are much more severe than those in small and micro-sized ones. And major causes of the 67 dust explosion accidents are individuals' illegal operation, imperfect ventilation and dust removal facilities, defects in safety design of equipment and facilities, and other safety accidents. In terms of sites, metal polishing workshop, dust removal system, underground mine and dust drying tower should be paid more attention to prevent explosion. Moreover, the dust types causing more than 10 deaths in explosion accidents are namely coal, metal and grain.

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    Construction and application of "L-B" man-machine accident model
    DONG Longjun, ZHENG Rujian, DENG Sijia
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.08.2125
    Abstract704)   HTML4)    PDF(pc) (2101KB)(78)       Save

    In order to improve the safety of the production process, in-depth research on accidents with human error as the main and machine failure as the second was carried out. Based on Lawrence accident model (L), behavioral safety "2-4" model (B), trace intersection theory, and accident cumulative effect theory, combined with safety ergonomics and other related knowledge, "L-B" man-machine accident model was constructed, and the actual case was analyzed. The results show that the accident model includes seven stages: work stage, hidden danger stage, trigger stage, occurrence stage, emergency stage, calm stage and recovery stage, analyzes the causes of accidents from various angles and illustrates the development characteristics of accidents from the beginning of production activities to the occurrence of accidents later, which can provide a reference for enterprises to formulate safety measures.

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    Research on discipline construction and content system of intelligent safety ergonomics
    DONG Longjun, WANG Jiachuang
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.001
    Abstract674)   HTML31)    PDF(pc) (1602KB)(324)       Save

    In order to further improve the disciple system of safety science, in view of the shortage of traditional safety ergonomics theory and method, studies were carried out on basic construction of intelligent safety ergonomics discipline theory and course content system. Firstly, according to development process of ergonomics, concept of intelligent safety ergonomics was put forward from a perspective of information technology, and its subject connotation and main attributes were analyzed. Secondly, the disciplinary basis, disciplinary tasks, disciplinary research objects, and research content were analyzed. Finally, considering the future challenges it faces, research tasks and application prospects were discussed. By analyzing several basic problems of the disciplines, it can be concluded that intelligent safety ergonomics is more effective than traditional safety ergonomics.

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    Review on affecting factors and intervention methods of drivers' hazard perception ability
    QIAO Jie, XU Xin, LIU Chuanpan, ZHAO Junwei, LIU Yongtao
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (2): 34-41.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.006
    Abstract674)   HTML24)    PDF(pc) (1627KB)(328)       Save

    In order to investigate effects of external intervention on drivers' hazard perception ability. Firstly, description of hazard perception process by different theories were sorted out and perception behavior mechanism was analyzed. Secondly, influence of affecting factors on hazard perception was analyzed, including driving style, driving experience, traffic environment and driving state. Then, research results of five different intervention methods with their features were introduced. Finally, limitations of existing researches were analyzed from the aspects of duration of intervention effect, evaluation index and transfer effect, and future development direction was discussed. The results show that it is significant to build a database of typical traffic hazard scenes in China and design a standard perception test system as well as formulate relevant regulations so as to improve Chinese drivers' general hazard perception ability.

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    Portrait of China Safety Science Journal in past 30 years
    LI Jie, LIU Jiao, LIANG Xushu, QIAN Jinxin, HAO Limin
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (3): 9-17.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.002
    Abstract643)   HTML21)    PDF(pc) (7843KB)(182)       Save

    In order to have an overall understanding of the development of CSSJ in the past 30 years, 8 894 papers were collected from the Chinese Citations Database (owned by CNKI), and the data was cleaned and processed by using Bibliographic Analysis Tool(BAT) software. Bibliometrics approach was adopted to analyze publish and download trends, overall impact distribution, major provincial regions, leading institutions and authors, hot topics and research methods, and highly cited papers of CSSJ. The results show that CSSJ has an increase trends in both outputs of publications and download frequencies since 1991. Distribution of impact factors, cited frequencies and h-index demonstrates the high influence of CSSJ in the safety area. Moreover, highly productive regions of safety science have been formed, represented by provincial regions such as Beijing, Jiangsu and Hunan etc., and representative high-yield institutions include Beijing Jiaotong University, Liaoning Technical University and Central South University. The number of authors also become larger and larger along with the development of CSSJ, and co-authored papers have become the major type. WU Chao, FU Gui and CHEN Guohua etc. have ranked among the most productive authors in the journal in the past 30 years. And during its development, it has formed six topic groups, including safety and emergency management, safety engineering simulation and experiment, safety and risk evaluation, traffic safety, safety behavior and culture as well as safety prediction. In the research methods aspect, numerical simulation, analytic hierarchy process, neural network and structural equation model are the widely used in CSSJ papers.

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    Development process, current situation and future trend of safety soft science in China
    LUO Yun, PEI Jingjing, XU Ming, WANG Mengyao, XIA Xinyu
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (1): 1-11.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.001
    Abstract602)   HTML27)    PDF(pc) (5103KB)(434)       Save

    In order to understand the development progress of safety soft science in China, its value and factor contribution rate are comprehensively discussed by taking the branch of soft science in the discipline system of GB/T 13745-2009 safety science technology(620) as the category. Then, it was summarized, commented and viewed from three aspects, namely history and process, evolution and current situation, trend and challenge, as well as in multiple dimensions and perspectives, such as discipline development, discipline system, discipline category, institutional and legal system, regulatory governance, research hot-spots and research frontiers. Finally, development trends and challenges of the safety soft science in theoretical innovation, intelligent safety, safety governance and high-quality development mode were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the whole society needs to strengthen the development of safety soft science which plays a great role in system safety. Research on safety management science, safety system science, safety culture, safety law and other disciplines is comparatively mature, while that on safety history, safety economics, safety ethics, and safety philosophy is not. Moreover, smart safety, smart emergency response, intrinsic safety, safety vulnerability, safety leadership, and the shared responsibility of the party and government will become research hot-spots in the future.

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    Exploration and challenge research on personnel training for emergency technology and management specialty model in China
    QIAN Hongwei, WANG Mingyue, GUO Jing, YIN Xiangju
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (11): 9-13.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.11.0121
    Abstract601)   HTML8)    PDF(pc) (1480KB)(76)       Save

    In order to improve the quality of personnel training in emergency technology and management in higher education institutions and to solve the problem of the shortage of professional emergency personnel, the "integrated and streamed education" personnel training mode was proposed in six aspects:enrollment, training and employment, curriculum system, experimental training bases, teaching and research, matching teaching materials and teachers' teams based on the real demand, national policies and discipline laws, and on the basis of tracing the relevant professional literature. The future development of emergency technology and management was prospected from four aspects:breakthrough of specialty construction, basic theory research of specialty, dual track of specialty learning, and frontier topics of emergency science strategy. The results show that the emergency technology and management professions in China are emerging professions, and there are many challenges in cultivating talents. By leveraging the integration channel, considering a professional platform, and setting up two professional teaching directions, it is helpful to integrate the faculty, improve the training mode of professional talents, and broaden the practical needs of the profession.

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    Unsafe-condition definition and control based on risk
    ZHAO Dongfeng, LIU Shangzhi, WANG Haoshui, CHEN Yifeng, ZHOU Chao, JIU Jiangbo
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (2): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.02.2607
    Abstract594)   HTML29)    PDF(pc) (6118KB)(215)       Save

    In order to strengthen the understanding of unsafe-condition, clarify the relationship between unsafe-condition and risk, and better promote the construction of dual prevention mechanisms for enterprises, based on the summary of the existing definitions of unsafe-condition, the definition and exact English expression of unsafe-condition were proposed from the perspective of risk. Through deep analysis of the relationship between unsafe-condition and risk management and control, the significance of redefining unsafe-condition based on risk was illustrated. Combining the problems in the investigation and management of unsafe-condition and the essence of the construction of dual prevention mechanisms, the idea of dynamic management and control of unsafe-condition based on risk was put forward, including taking risk hierarchical management and control as the premise and foundation, carrying out unsafe-condition hierarchical management based on risk evaluation, and finally realizing dynamic monitoring and hierarchical management and control of unsafe-condition by using information technology. The results show that unsafe-condition is an unidentified risk, or an unsafe state where the risk has not been effectively controlled and exceeds the acceptable level of people's risk. Its English expression is unsafe-condition. The investigation and management of unsafe-condition should be carried out based on the idea of risk classification management and control, timely discovering unsafe-condition through the state of uncontrolled risks, and treating unsafe-condition based on the idea of risk management and control, the essence of which is to control risks.

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    Identification and classification of Chinese and English safety related journals
    LI Jie, LIU Jiao, QIAN Jinxin, TONG Ruipeng, LIANG Xushu
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (5): 1-7.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.1995
    Abstract581)   HTML21)    PDF(pc) (4515KB)(95)       Save

    In order to identify and classify safety related journals both in Chinese and English, based on Web of Science data platform, publications of China Safety Science Journal and Safety Science between 2018 and 2020 were searched from science citation index (SCI) and Chinese science citation database (CSCD). Then, VOSviewer software and journal co-citation analysis method were utilized to identify and analyze the lists and clusters of safety journals from references of selected publications. The results show that for these journals selected from the co-citation network of China Safety Science Journal, there are 10 journal clusters identified, including "safety management science", "safety science and human factor", "fire, combustion, engineering thermophysics and industrial process", "reliability" and etc. And citation sources of Safety Science are mainly from 7 journal clusters, namely "reliability engineering, expert system, ocean engineering and operational research", "safety management psychology and occupational health", "safety ergonomics", "safety science and building safety", "fire safety, evacuation and traffic", "traffic safety and occupational medicine" and "process safety, risk, disaster and engineering mechanics".

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    Joint analysis method for process deviation of HAZOP in chemical operation units
    GAO Ming
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (3): 98-102.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.013
    Abstract574)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (1604KB)(128)       Save

    In order to improve application effect of HAZOP in chemical operation units, based on the practical experience of its application in modern large chemical plants over the past 10 years, a joint analysis method was proposed. Firstly, behavioral factors of HAZOP participants were studied and process risk attention model was established. Then, its deviation funnel was put forward, possible deviation trends and risk factors of the whole system were identified by using mathematical model before they were manually confirmed and listed into key points of HAZOP. Finally, a HAZOP report was generated by synthesizing various professional resources, and then a method set featuring man-machine complementarity and layer by layer screening was formed. The results show that the joint analysis method can improve HAZOP sustainability as well as risk identification accuracy of chemical operation units, therefore upgrading safety performance of enterprises.

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    Rise of precision: a review of emergency risk analysis methodology
    LIU Yi, QIAN Jing, FAN Weicheng
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (9): 1-10.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.09.2742
    Abstract563)   HTML10)    PDF(pc) (1855KB)(155)       Save

    In order to improve the timeliness and accuracy of emergency risk analysis, this paper reviewed the development of emergency risk analysis methods through systematic literature insights. The development of emergency risk analysis methods, the research status of technologies, methods, models, and theories supporting quantitative and precise risk analysis, and the difficulties in quantifying complex emergencies and catastrophes were discussed. The results show that the future development trends of emergency risk analysis methods and theories include: studying and proposing methods to optimize qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative models by using information technology such as big data of sensing monitoring and computing, developing emergency risk calculation methods based on data & model & calculation, and developing the ability of accurate risk calculation.

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    Flood inundation area extraction method of SAR images based on deep learning
    GUO Wei, YUAN Hongyong, XUE Ming, WEI Pingyan
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (4): 177-184.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.04.026
    Abstract560)   HTML20)    PDF(pc) (7638KB)(102)       Save

    In order to improve decision-making ability for flood disaster emergency rescue and quickly extract flood inundation areas, an extraction method of SAR images based on deep learning was proposed. Firstly, flood inundation area extraction model of SAR images was established based on DeepLab v3+ model. Then, considering difficulty in obtaining labeled samples of SAR images, a semi-automatic sample making method based on optical image water index was proposed, which greatly reduced the labor and time required for annotation. Lastly, Sentinel-1 images were used for experimental analysis to verify the model's accuracy. The results show that the proposed extraction model has strong adaptability to complex surfaces. Compared with the adaptive threshold method, it features higher recognition accuracy, and better recognition effect of water edge, small area water body and thin and long linear water body in remote sensing image, with an mean Intersection over Union of 0.83.

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    Main achievements of construction engineering safety management: review of safety accidents, safety management system, and relevant literature
    ZHENG Wenbo
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (10): 8-17.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.1932
    Abstract542)   HTML11)    PDF(pc) (3302KB)(90)       Save

    In order to improve the safety management level of construction engineering, the characteristics of construction engineering safety accidents in the world were analyzed, the typical national institutional arrangements were explored, and the achievements and shortcomings of academic research were summarized. The results show that the overall trend of construction engineering safety accidents in the world changed from a large number of accidents with a low fatality rate to a small number of accidents with a high fatality rate, and the number of accidents and fatality rate in China increased first and then decreased, and remained at a low level. More attention has been paid to safety management at the bottom of the system (enterprise and market) in the United States, and design at the top of institutions (laws and organizations) has been more important in China and Vietnam, and both have been tightly controlled in Singapore. Fruitful results in four aspects have been achieved of literature research, safety evaluation indicators have been determined, safety accident occurrence and response mechanism have been explored, safety management investment has been calculated, and safety atmosphere measurement and mechanism have also been analyzed.

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    Statistical analysis of major coal mine fire accidents in China
    LI Min, LIN Zhijun, WANG Deming, SHI Shiliang, LU Yi
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (1): 115-121.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0457
    Abstract541)   HTML18)    PDF(pc) (9626KB)(123)       Save

    To study the general characteristics and cause of major coal mine fire accidents in China, 360 major accidents from 2000 to 2021 were comprehensively discussed using the statistical analysis method from the dimensions of time, region, location, coal mine ownership, ignition source and external causes. The results show that the fourth quarter is the peak period for major fire accidents. The number of major fire accidents and deaths in Guizhou, Shanxi and Heilongjiang Provinces account for 45.28% and 47.11% respectively. The probability of catastrophic fire accidents in the chamber is the highest, accounting for 52.38% of major accidents in the chamber. Major fire accidents in the coalface show an increasing trend from 2011 to 2021. The major coal mine fire accidents in township coal mines account for more than 60% of the total number of accidents and deaths, but show a gradient descent trend year-on-year and keep basically stable. The proportion of major accidents caused by illegal open flame, self-heating fire and friction impact gradually increases, while the proportion of major accidents caused by electric spark ignition and blasting ignition gradually decreases. Poor management is the main cause of major coal mine fire accidents.

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    Application of ST-GCN in unsafe action identification of construction workers
    LIU Yao, JIAO Shuangjian
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (4): 30-35.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.04.005
    Abstract533)   HTML28)    PDF(pc) (5769KB)(455)       Save

    In order to identify unsafe actions of construction workers accurately and timely, a real-time recognition method based on skeleton was proposed by using computer vision, image recognition technology and safety knowledge of buildings. Then, pose estimation algorithm and action recognition algorithm were combined to establish a model, and motion classification and unsafe motion recognition were realized by training the model with comprehensive data. Among them, AlphaPose was used for posture estimation to extract coordinate positions of key points of bones, and ST-GCN was adopted for action recognition. Finally, the model was verified through experiment. The results show that the method's accuracy rate of dangerous actions identification for ladder climbing can reach 98.48%. Meanwhile, ST-GCN has stronger generalization ability compared with support vector machine, random forest and LSTM. This method can improve traditional safety management mode and information application of safety management through real-time identification and early warning of unsafe actions of workers on site.

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    Revision and application of Chinese version of risk attitude scale
    LIU Jin, SHEN Hao, LIU Zhuohui, CHEN Sitong, XIONG Zhixiang, PAN Chuan
    China Safety Science Journal    2022, 32 (10): 25-30.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.1479
    Abstract530)   HTML29)    PDF(pc) (1629KB)(147)       Save

    In order to measure individual risk attitude of and reduce unsafe behavior, the Chinese version of the risk attitude scale was revised to discuss the structure of the scale in Chinese culture. A total of 250 risk attitude questionnaires were distributed and 220 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that the revised risk attitude scale consist of four factors: attitude towards risk acceptance, attitude towards approaching risk acceptance, attitude towards risk avoidance and attitude towards risk rejection. with a total of 32 items, and the cumulative contribution rate is 75.43%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale is 0.796, with good reliability. The chi-square degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/DF) of the scale is 1.832, the increment fitting index (IFI) is 0.905, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.904, the root of mean square residual (RMR) is 0.038, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is 0.049, indicating that the scale has good structural validity. Through unstructured interviews with experts and related scholars, some items are modified and deleted, and the content validity of the scale is good.

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