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    Connotation and capacity building of safe development of new quality productivity
    LUO Fanglu, LUO Wuzan
    China Safety Science Journal    2024, 34 (10): 8-16.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.0616
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    From the perspective of overall high-quality development and high-level security strategy, in order to realize the integration of new quality and productivity security development, research was carried out on the connotation, basic characteristics and capabilities of new quality and productivity security development. First, based on the triangle model, the connotation of safe development of new quality productivity was explained in combination with specific cases. Secondly, using the method of system engineering, the three-dimensional structural model was constructed, and the essential characteristics of the safe development of new quality productivity were analyzed. Finally, the capacities required for enhancing the safe development of new quality productivity were proposed. The research results indicate that the safe development of new quality productivity should focus on science and technology security, information data security, and risk management in new security fields, which are characterized by basic, overall, dynamic, complex and extensive features. The basic is reflected in the time dimension, the overall, dynamic and complex are manifested in the logic dimension, and the extensive features are embodied in the knowledge dimension. To promote safe development of new quality productivity, it is necessary to enhance strategic ability, leadership ability, collaboration ability, risk management ability, and theoretical innovation ability, corresponding to the three-dimensional structure model.

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    Research on acceptable criteria for individual and societal risks of urban gas pipeline
    ZHANG Peng, XIAO Bowen, SONG Wenqi, LIU Wei
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (10): 1-7.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.2157
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    In respond to the higher requirement for clean energy put forward by the 14th Five-Year plan, the risk acceptable criteria of urban gas pipeline were studied from the perspective of life risk, in order to make the safety management level of urban gas pipeline can meet the needs of development. The accident data of 2012-2021 were counted by combining average individual risk (AIR) method with ALARP criterion, and the risk acceptable criteria of the previous five-year cycle were used for analysis and comparison. The reference value of the risk acceptable criteria of the next five-year cycle was predicted by adopting the risk acceptable criteria of the previous five-year cycle, and the reference value of the acceptable criteria of individual risk from 2022 to 2026 was obtained. According to the five-year cycle prediction method discussed in the individual risk acceptable criteria study, the F-N curve method was used to calculate the number of deaths per accident and annual pipeline length from 2017 to 2021, and the societal risk acceptable criteria was determined. The study shows that the risk level of 1.017 13×10-7 is the boundary of the unacceptable risk area and ALARP area, and the risk level of 2.034 27×10-7 is the boundary of ALARP area and acceptable risk area. In the societal risk study, the intolerable line and the negligible line are determined, and the risk region is determined according to the ALARP criterion.

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    Research and practice on construction of double prevention mechanism in large enterprises:taking COFCO Corporation as an example
    CHEN Zhigang, YAN Li, WANG Haojie, REN Yanqing
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (3): 27-34.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.1402
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    In order to solve the problem of multi-level safety management and layer-by-layer attenuation in large enterprises, improve the efficiency of safety management, and effectively curb the occurrence of various production safety accidents, combined with the characteristics of production and operation of COFCO Corporation and the reality of safety management, according to the general principles of headquarters coordination, professional company responsibility and grass-roots enterprise landing, this paper explored the basic framework and main tasks of the construction of dual prevention mechanism in large enterprises, put forward the classification standards of safety risks and hidden dangers, and established the safety risk control outline of industral chain as the core. Based on the whole chain, whole process, whole staff and all-round, "four-wide" risk classification control and hidden danger investigation and management mechanism was also founded. The results show that "four wide" dual prevention mechanism can accurately understand the base of safty risks of large enterprises, systematically implement safety risks control measures and dynamically and continuously improve them, and ensure that safety risks are always controllable.

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    Research on early warning for prefabricated building workers' unsafe behaviors of working at height based on RF-SFLA-SVM
    WANG Junwu, HE Juanjuan, SONG Yinghui, LIU Yipeng, CHEN Zhao, GUO Jingyi
    China Safety Science Journal    2024, 34 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1288
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    In order to effectively provide early warning of the occurrence trend or state of prefabricated building workers' unsafe behaviors (PBWUBs) of working at height, and to enhance the control of PBWUBs, RF-SFLA-SVM model was proposed to conduct an early warning study on workers' unsafe behaviors. Firstly, the SHEL (Software-Hardware-Environment-Liveware) model was used to analyze the factors influencing the unsafe behaviors of prefabricated building workers in danger of working at height. RF was used to determine the key warning indicators. Then SFLA was used to find the best parameters for SVM. Finally, the RF-SFLA-SVM model was used to predict and warn about the unsafe behavioral state of the prefabricated building workers working at height, and its performance was compared with other warning models. The results show that the RF-SFLA-SVM-based warning accuracy of PBWUBs of working at height was the highest, 91.67%, which was a maximum improvement of 14% compared with the warning performance of other models. The research results can give a reference for the control and prevention of PBWUBs working at height.

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    Exploration on "combat-oriented" personnel training of safety engineering specialty
    ZHU Jianfang, ZHANG Ruixin, ZHANG Licong, SONG Fumei
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (8): 1-7.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0268
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    In order to cultivate students' practical ability and shorten their job adaptation time, six professional ability objectives, such as detection and inspection, hazard identification and evaluation, were summarized according to the specific work content of safety engineering professional technicians. Accordingly, six practical teaching modules were constructed. A total of 28 practical teaching projects were designed under the teaching module, which was sourced from actual job content. These projects were summarized into 10 teaching links according to the knowledge system, which constituted the practical teaching system of safety engineering specialty. To meet the practical requirements of these teaching projects and fully tap the internal and external resources to build a teaching environment that is similar to practical teaching, an "11+1+2" practical teaching base was established. Based on characteristics of teaching staffs, the methods to enhance the practical teaching ability of professional teachers were given. The results show that practical talent cultivation is an effective way to enhance students' practical skills, which requires the support of teaching conditions and teaching environments.

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    Interval non-probabilistic reliability analysis of support structures for deep tunnel
    LI Xiang, WEI Heng, WANG Jingtong
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (12): 67-76.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.12.0546
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    Aiming at the current situation of a lack of uncertain data, an interval non-probabilistic tool was introduced to perform a preliminary investigation in the domain of reliability analysis for the support structures of the deep tunnel. Firstly, the mechanism of the shearing slip displacement in the weak rock surrounding the deep tunnel was taken as an illustrative example, and a method was developed to calculate the total support resistance by using the combined support modes. Subsequently, based on the framework of the interval non-probabilistic theory, and meanwhile considering the influence caused by the interval extension problem, the applicability of the interval non-probabilistic tool was discussed for reliability study on the support structures of the deep tunnel. Eventually, a fluctuation range was defined to characterize the variations of the interval used for those uncertain parameters, and on this basis the difference for the level of those effects of fluctuations regarding a single-parameter and multiple-parameters coupling on the reliability of the support structures was revealed via the sensitivity analyses. The results manifest that the greater the fluctuation range of the interval for the uncertain parameters, the smaller the value of the non-probabilistic reliability index will be. Moreover, the larger the number of uncertain parameters involved in the fluctuation coupling, the higher the decrease in the value of the non-probabilistic reliability index will be. Hence, this situation makes the unfavorable effects on the reliability of the support structures more significant.

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    Training system study on fire engineering professional education in college
    LU Xinxiao, WANG Haiyan, WU Bing, CHEN Bin
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (7): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.07.2164
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    In order to break through the construction deficiencies of college fire engineering education system, the professional education curriculum system of fire engineering was put forward based on the outcome-oriented concept. Firstly, the reversal design was applied on the training plan, course content and method. The curriculum system focused on on four levels of fire protection standard, prevention, fire fighting and evaluation. Then, the innovation and entrepreneurship education of fire engineering was strengthened, and a fire engineering undergraduate full-course total tutorial system was established as the starting point of innovation. To stimulate the innovative thinking and ability of students, the whole chain innovation training system was proposed as the scientific research carrier. Finally, three core kernel modules of pre-disaster perception, fire engineering disaster relief and post-disaster treatment, were constructed. A professional laboratory centered on five typical fire fighting systems was established to present the real fire response and disaster relief scenarios, which undertook the function of fire engineering course experiment, design and part of internship. The results indicate that the training system of outcome-oriented fire engineering professional education clarifies the curriculum logic of professional education. Emphasis is placed on hierarchical and progressive cultivation and the exploration and guidance on the hot field of fire engineering. It clarifies the structural correlation of the professional laboratory system and its supporting role in the practical education. The training system can provide some reference for the talent cultivation of fire rescue team and the future development of fire engineering discipline.

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    Investigation of safety & security attributes
    WU Chao
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.05.0926
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    The words safety & security (simplified as SS) are the most basic terms of SS discipline. Only by clarifying SS characteristics, connotation, extension and development timely can we better understand SS science and study its development law. Therefore, using the methods of historical analysis and logical thinking and reasoning, this paper expounded the dimension and complexity of SS, the specialty and popularity of SS, the ontology and epistemology of SS, the natural and social attributes of SS, and the classification method of SS definitions. Then the nature and characteristics of the discipline of SS science were inferred. The research conclusions are as follows: discussing SS issues requires a common language environment. The SS goes beyond the scope of technological terminology. Since SS is a reflection of human understanding, it is difficult for SS issues research to enter the ontological level. The natural and social characteristics of human beings determine that SS has dual attributes of nature and society, and the eternal nature of contradictions, which leads to the complexity of SS issues and the diversity of its definitions. The paradigm of giving SS definition through "preset + SS" can better express the scope and margin of SS.

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    Work safety management mode in Safety 4.0 era
    XIE Kefan, LIANG Benbu, LIU Jia, LIU Sishi
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (3): 19-26.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.1781
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    In order to enrich the ideas and methodology of the work safety theory, theoretical research on WSM 4.0 mode was conducted from the perspective of the industrial revolution history view and the work safety practice view. By summarizing the connotation and characteristics of WSM 1.0 to 3.0 era stages, the framework practical models, including the modified diamond model of safety objectives and the safety system pillar model were developed. Then, a "triple helix" development model was established. The results show that with the new security architecture, WSM 4.0 has the characteristics of effectiveness of management objectives, the coupling resilience of risk strategies, the integration of technology and equipment, and the proactive and safety & security integration of management concepts. The safety goal is expanded into a four-dimensional system of health, safety, environment and value. The safety system includes safety regulations, safety technology, safety culture, safety literacy and safety resilience. The WSM 4.0 is the evolvement trend of production practice, technology application and safety theory.

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    A review of driving fatigue research in human-machine co-driving environment
    ZHANG Hui, NI Dingan, ZENG Ke, DING Naikan, WU Chaozhong
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (3): 204-211.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.0512
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    In order to reduce the influence of driving fatigue on driver's state in the process of automatic driving, the development status of driver fatigue was analyzed under the environment of human-machine co-driving, the existing studies were systematically sorted out and future development of driver fatigue were put forward, too. Firstly, through literature retrieval and correlation analysis, the research status of fatigue accumulation in the process of human-machine co-driving was clarified. Then, the research results were analyzed from three dimensions: the cause analysis of driving fatigue under manual driving and human-machine co-driving, the influence of driving duration and non-driving related tasks on fatigue, and the influence of driving fatigue on driving behavior under human-machine co-driving environment. Finally, the shortcomings and development direction of driver fatigue research in human-machine co-driving environment were proposed. The results show that the human-machine co-driving mode leads to an increase in passive fatigue of the driver and the takeover performance is impaired. The flexible setting of non-driving related tasks and automatic driving time can effectively alleviate passive fatigue. The evolution law and detection model of driving fatigue in the process of human-machine co-driving are still unclear. Exploring the driver fatigue control strategy based on the characteristics of human-machine co-driving scenarios is focus of future research.

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    Overview of recognition methods of pedestrian abnormal behaviors in public places
    ZHAO Rongyong, WEI Bingyu, ZHU Wenjie, ZHENG Chengyuan, LI Haonan
    China Safety Science Journal    2024, 34 (2): 83-93.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.1125
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    The purpose of this research is to clarify the research progress of the theory and technology of pedestrian abnormal behavior recognition in public places. Firstly, with the help of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Web of Science (WOS), a broad definition and universal characteristics of abnormal pedestrian behavior in public places were given. The existing research results related to abnormal behaviors were divided into three categories: harmful behaviors, dissociable behaviors and violations. Then, from the perspective of data and technological foundations, the existing abnormal behavior recognition methods were divided into four categories: artificial design, human skeleton, Red Geen Blue(RGB) images and wearable sensors. Secondly, this study sorted out the abnormal behavior datasets of mainstream populations both domestically and internationally, and analyzed the performance of relevant algorithms on the datasets. Finally, the limitations of existing research methods in available datasets and data fusion detection were summarized, and future research directions and optimization suggestions were provided. The results indicate that these four types of abnormal behavior recognition methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to construct a diversified, well-defined and high-quality international benchmark dataset of abnormal behaviors among the crowd. Future research should focus on robust and accurate methods, models, and algorithms for identifying abnormal behaviors, explore multi-dimensional data fusion complementary detection methods, improve the application scenario consistency and adaptability of the theoretical results of abnormal behavior recognition, and eventually enhance the level of public place crowd safety governance.

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    Comparative analysis study of STPA and 24Model
    SONG Wei, FU Gui
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.06.1172
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    In order to improve and develop the accident causation theory, the four aspects of STPA and 24Model, the underlying theory, relevant definitions, analysis process and analysis difficulty, were compared and analyzed, and applied to different cases respectively. The results of the study show that both models have a strong theoretical foundation. The research object of STPA is the loss of system. It performed better at system interaction study, but the complexity is high and the research error is large, so it is more suitable for single-accident analysis. In contrast, the research object of 24Model is event in the organization. The classification of accident causes is clearer and more universal. The model is simple, the research error is small, and it is commonly used for both single-accident and multi-accident analysis. Both methods are of good extensibility. In terms of application, STPA is clear on the connection between hazards and losses. However, this method is complex and subjective on accident causation, which also lacks research on inter-organizational interactions. In contrast, 24Model is more comprehensive and clearer, but it fails in the analysis of inter-organizational interaction and design defects.

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    Piezoelectric safety & security management and its model
    WANG Bing, WANG Yuanjie, ZHANG Zhihong
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (9): 1-9.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.09.0879
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    In order to innovate the safety & security management paradigm and further enrich the safety & security management theories, the research work of piezoelectric safety & security management was carried out based on the piezoelectric theory and safety & security management theory. Firstly, the inspiration of piezoelectric theory for safety & security management was analyzed, the connotation of piezoelectric safety & security management was explored, and the piezoelectric safety & security management conceptual model was proposed. On this basis, the model for piezoelectric safety & security management was constructed and explained by combining the whole life cycle theory of safety & security management. Finally, the characteristics of piezoelectric safety & security management were described. The results show that, piezoelectric safety & security management is a new paradigm, which can take targeted measures to meet the system's safety & security needs according to the changes of system's safety & security status in a certain time and space. Moreover, piezoelectric safety & security management includes two safety & security management modes (namely, normal safety & security management and non-normal safety & security management), and covers three safety & security management behaviors (namely, safety & security risk prevention and control, emergency response, as well as adjustment and optimization).

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    Experimental study on spalling failure of deep hard rock tunnels with different lithology and cross-section shapes
    LI Xiang, MIAO Sen, YANG Bo
    China Safety Science Journal    2024, 34 (8): 108-119.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.08.0597
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    To explore the influence of the lithology and cross-section shape on spalling failure properties of deep hard rock tunnels, indoor true triaxial tests on spalling failure were performed. Firstly, two types of rock samples (marble and granite) and two typical cross-section shapes (high side wall gate arch shape and horseshoe shape) samples in practical applications were selected. Then, the failure characteristics under the influence of different lithology and cross-section shapes were analyzed from the three aspects including spalling failure mode, spalling rock plate characteristics, and the characteristic stress during spalling. Finally, numerical simulation was conducted to explore the corresponding displacement and stress distribution characteristics during the development and propagation of the cracks. Furthermore, the spalling failure characteristics of deep hard rock tunnels were investigated. The results indicated that the slab peeling and opening failure phenomenon for the marble sample was more significant than the granite one in terms of spalling failure mode during the test process. Moreover, the cross-sectional contour range involved in spalling failure for the horseshoe shape sample was smaller than the high-side wall gate arch shape. Different lithologies presented different flaked rock slab shapes for different flaked rock slab characteristics. Compared with the high-side wall gate shape, the flaked rock slabs near the outer layer relevant to the curved wall arch sample were more slender. For the characteristic stress during spalling, the granite sample had a larger threshold at the beginning of the spalling and a faster rate for the evolution process of the spalling failure compared with the marble one. Furthermore, compared with the horseshoe shape sample, the characteristic stresses of the high-side wall gate arch sample were higher from the beginning of plate cracking to the occurrence of obvious plate cracking failure. The area with large displacement in the numerical simulation was mainly observed on the side wall of the hole. The farther away from the side wall, the smaller the displacement. Moreover, the major reason the spalling occurs can be attributed to the tangential stress concentration.

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    Study on classification of coal mine accident causes based on NLP
    ZHANG Jiangshi, LI Yongtun, MAO Xiangning, HU Xinyue, WANG Ziyi
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (6): 20-26.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.06.1416
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    In order to improve the efficiency of analyzing and processing coal mine accident text effectively, NLP and accident cause models were used for building an automatic classification framework of accident cause. Based on 24Model, 87 typical mine accident investigation reports were analyzed, and a framework of mine accident cause classifications was obtained. A corpus was constructed for each type of accident cause constructed. The NLP was used for processing each type of cause text of the corpus and training the fastText model to realize the automatic recognition and classification of accident cause text. The method proposed was compared with TextCNN and the other two classical models. The results show that a total of 21 types of accident causes and 6 684 training corpus are obtained, the accuracy of fastText after training can reach 98.92%, and the comprehensive performance is better than the other three methods. The accident text mining system is developed based on 24Model and NLP, which can analyze and process the accident text information quickly and further detail the cause of the accident investigation report, which is convenient for the case study and statistical analysis.

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    A new concept model of safety culture and its evaluation application
    CHEN Weijiong, HAN Weijia, LI Xin, KANG Yutao, JIAO Yu, FENG Xiang
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (6): 11-19.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.06.1915
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    In order to improve the level of safety culture construction in the shipbuilding industry, based on the definition of safety culture and objective reality, a new concept model of safety culture (SV-MMEMS) was proposed by integrating safety values (SV) and man-machine-environment-management system (MMEMS) model. Based on the five dimensions of safety values, man, machine, environment, and management of this model, a survey was conducted on the W shipbuilding enterprise. After data processing, such as project analysis, reliability analysis, validity testing, and factor analysis, a safety culture evaluation index system for the shipbuilding industry was constructed, consisting of five dimensions, 14 first-level indicators, and 33 second-level indicators. A second-order confirmation factor analysis model for safety culture, as well as a causal path analysis model among safety culture influencing factors, was constructed using AMOS. The findings demonstrated a favorable interaction relationship between the five elements, with "SV" acting as the nucleus and the path conefficients of each element in "MMEM", which were, respectively, 0.766, 0.553, 0.720, and 0.839. The ratio is 26.6%, 19.2%, 25.0%, and 29.2% after standardization, and organizational management elements were determined to have the biggest influence on the development of W shipping enterprise's safety culture. SV-MMEMS has considerable development and application prospects in the construction and evaluation of safety culture in enterprises and organizations.

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    Intelligent warning of risk during maintenance operations based on deep learning
    WANG Jinjiang, GUAN Pengting, CHEN Zhuo, GE Weifeng, JU Qian
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (10): 16-22.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.1744
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    In order to improve the safety of the inspection and maintenance operation process in refining and chemical enterprises, a deep learning-based intelligent risk identification model was constructed by using the target detection technology. Firstly, a dynamic risk assessment model was established by combining the BN and fuzzy set theory. Secondly, a hierarchical dynamic early warning method was adopted to realize the intelligent monitoring and warning of the risk elements of the overhauling operation process; then the compressor overhauling operation process was taken as an example to identify the operation process risks by means of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and hazard analysis of operation conditions, and then the intelligent identification model of risk based on deep learning was used for on-site monitoring of the operation process and identification of risk. Finally, the dynamic risk assessment of the operation process was carried out by using the method of combining the BN and the fuzzy set theory, and the grading warning method was used to realize intelligent monitoring and early warning of the risk of the operation process. The results show that the method effectively identify the risk factors in the compressor overhauling operation process, with an identification accuracy rate of 93%. Based on this, a dynamic risk assessment is carried out. When the probability of the event changed and exceeded the corresponding warning thresholds, alarms are issued based on the risk level to realize the intelligent monitoring of the risk elements.

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    Analysis of causes of mechanical injury accidents in manufacturing enterprises based on HFACS model
    LIU Quanlong, PENG Yumeng, ZHAO Pan, WANG Jingzhi
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (3): 51-59.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.1128
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    In order to explore part of the causes of mechanical injury accidents in manufacturing enterprises located in China, 206 reports of mechanical injury accidents were selected as samples in this research. Based on the HFACS model, SPSS software was used to analyze the frequency and correlation of sample data, and the weight of causative factors was calculated in Super Decisions software. In each level of the HFACS model, the factors with the highest frequency were organizational atmosphere, inadequate supervision, bad psychological state and accidental violation. The correlation intensity among the factors lied between 1.994 and 5.407. The largest causal path of the sum of the correlation intensity of mechanical injury accidents in manufacturing enterprises was organizational atmosphere - inadequate supervision - bad psychological state - accidental violation. The premise weight value of unsafe behavior was 0.330 1, which was the key level with the highest weight, and the improper weight of planned tasks in the unsafe supervision level was 0.150 1, which was the key factor with the highest weight. Therefore, strategies to prevent mechanical injury accidents were proposed. The research results have shown that: the occurrence of mechanical injury accidents is the result of the interaction of various causative factors. To reduce mechanical injury accidents in manufacturing enterprises, it is necessary to block the causative path of accidents and strengthen the management and control of key levels and key factors.

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    Review and prospect of safety soft science research: connotation, extension and challenge
    TONG Ruipeng, WANG Lulu, HU Xiangyang, SUN Ninghao
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.04.1894
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    In order to promote the safety soft science to advance in the logic of historical progress and develop in the trend of the times, the literature review method and comparative analysis method were used to sort out and analyze the research connotation, extension, trends, and challenges of safety soft science. The results show that safety soft science can be understood as a structured knowledge system involving safety decision-making, risk prevention, emergency management, and it is also an organic combination of comprehensive and interdisciplinary subject groups. Safety soft science mainly involves three levels and categories: philosophical thinking, humanistic interpretation, and empirical confirmation of safety science. The philosophical thinking category focuses on objective safety theory research and rational safety decision-making spiritual activities. The humanistic interpretation category concentrates on various safety cultural phenomena aggregated in the development of human society. The empirical category deal with the exploration of significant accident evolution laws and scientific system safety analysis and argumentation. In the face of the complexity of safety issues, it is urgent to further construct a safety soft science theoretical system for integrated open systems. Under the trend of new technology integration and multidisciplinary intersection, the advantages of globalization and informatization of safety should be given full consideration and the path of multi-agent cooperative governance should be explored.

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    Risk zoo(II): origin, evolution and prospects of risk metaphor theory
    TONG Ruipeng, HU Xiangyang, YIN Xuechen, GUO Yu
    China Safety Science Journal    2023, 33 (10): 8-15.   DOI: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.1039
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    The risk metaphor hypothesis has slowly gained traction in risk science at the start of the 21st Century. This paper uses literature research to comprehensively examine and sort out the historical tracing and history of risk metaphor theory, investigate the development status, and evolution of risk metaphor theory, and explore the future prospects of risk metaphor research. The findings demonstrate that risk metaphor theory has been researched extensively, and some progress has been made in three areas: risk event ontology, risk management attitude, and risk evolution mechanism metaphor. Risk metaphor theory is a cross-product of risk management science and cognitive language science, and it has been developed for more than ten years. There are still some issues, nevertheless, in that regard: the study of metaphors for high probability risk occurrences with extreme impact needs to be sufficiently in-depth, attention is not given to lower impact risk events, etc. Risk metaphor theories and models exhibit significant inconsistency and a lack of rigor in key ideas. Given a number of intricate issues, it is imperative to further develop risk metaphor theory.

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